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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____________is a large complex molecule. It contains the genetic code that regulates the functioning and development of an organism.
A) DNA B) Molecules C) Genes D) chromosome |
DNA
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Which of the following theorists did NOT develop a “stage” theory:
A) Freud B) Piaget C) Skinner D) Erikson |
Skinner
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Which of the following sequences of prenatal developmental stages is correct?
A) embryo, fetus, zygote B) zygote, embryo, fetus C) fetus, zygote, embryo D) zygote, fetus, embryo |
First the zygote, then the embryo, and then the fetus.
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Which is the main factor accounting for the high correlation between IQ and personality traits in identical twins who grew up in different environments?
A) they shared the same prenatal environment B) they have identical genotypes C) they have identical phenotypes D) fifty percent of their genes are identical |
They have identical genotypes.
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The law of effect refers to which of the following researcher’s work?
A) John B. Watson B) Thorndike C) Freud D) B.F. Skinner |
Thorndike
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The Moro reflex is likely to be exhibited by a one-month old if
A) A bottle is placed in his mouth B) The bottom of his foot is stroked C) His father gently touches his cheek D) His brother slams the door |
His brother slams the door.
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Albert Bandura’s approach to personality is referred to as
A) symbolic interaction theory B) attribution theory C) self-disclosure theory D) social learning theory |
Social Learning Theory
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Of the following, who is most likely to abuse his child?
A) John Paul, who didn’t have children until he and his wife were in their late 30s B) Joel, whose baby is passive and quiet C) Emilio, who is a graduate student and works part time D) Ted, who is unemployed |
Ted, who is unemployed.
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A strong desire to do things for yourself, to master the physical and social environment and to be competent and successful is called:
A) independent B) self control C) aggression D) autonomy |
Autonomy
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Which contribution is necessary for a couple have a baby girl?
A) the father's X chromosome B) the mother's X chromosome C) the father's Y chromosome D) the mother's Y chromosome |
The father's X chromosome
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In order to study the effects of music on memory, a researcher has one group of subjects listen to music while studying a list of words and another group study the same list without listening to music. In this experiment, the number of words each subject can remember would be:
A) the independent variable B) a placebo C) manipulated by the experimenter D) the dependent variable |
The dependent variable
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If heredity is an important determinant of a specific behavior, what prediction can we make about expression of the behavior in monozygotic twins reared apart compared to its expression in dizygotic twins reared apart?
A) Dizygotic twins will express the behavior more similarly than monozygotic twins B) There will be little similarity in the expression of the behavior in either set of twins C) Monozygotic twins will express the behavior more similarly than dizygotic twins D) The behavior will be expressed similarly by monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins |
Monozygotic twins will express the behavior more similarly than dizygotic twins.
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A case study may involve which of the following:
A) compilation of large amounts of information B) materials from family members C) psychological testing D) all of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following toddlers is employing a gross motor skill?
A) Angelo, who is sitting on the rug and methodically picking up every piece of lint and examining it B) Edward, who is creeping backwards down the stairs on all fours C) Erica, who is looking at a pop-up book and laughing uproariously D) Stuart, who is licking the melting ice cream off the sides of a cone |
Edward, who is creeping backwards down the stairs on all fours.
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The fetus reaches the age of viability at approximately __________
A) 36 weeks B) 30 weeks C) 24 weeks D) 18 weeks |
24 weeks
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Which aspect is central in the Lamaze method of childbirth?
A) childbirth occurs at home, rather than in a hospital B) anesthetics and cesarean sections are not used C) the mother learns breathing and relaxation exercises to help manage labor discomfort D) the mother and infant are submerged in a warm bath |
The mother learns breathing and relaxation exercises to help manage labor discomfort.
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If her parents encourage little Tanya to ask questions, to use her imagination and giver her freedom to choose some activities, according to Erikson, they are encouraging
A) Initiative B) Identity C) Generativity D) Industry |
Initiative
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Which of the following theorist created the ecological model of human development?
A) Freud B) Vygotsky C) Bronfenbrenner D) Darwin |
Bronfenbrenner
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Two-year-old Peter liked to tug on his dog’s tail. One day, he tried to pull the cat’s tail and the cat scratched him. After that, Peter knew that only some tails are safe to pull on. Peter has undergone the process known as
A) Classical conditioning B) habituation C) accomodation D) assimlilation |
Accomodation
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Researchers set up a controlled environment to elicit a specific behavior. This is called:
A) laboratory observation B) naturalistic observation C) case study D) field observation |
Laboratory Observation
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Joe is a normal male. His sex chromosomes are
A) YY B) XX C) XY D) XXY |
XY and YX Male Chromosomes
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Amy and Greg just had a baby girl. If she has no genetic abnormality, the newborn baby’s twenty-third chromosome pair must be
A) XX B) XY C) YX D) YY |
XX are Female Chromosomes
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Down syndrome is caused by:
A) an extra chromosome B) alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy C) the mother's poor nutrition D) an extra chromosome on the 23rd pair |
An extra chromosome.
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Which of the following is true about the newborn's visual acuity?
A) Her peripheral vision is fully developed B) Her vision for near objects is better than her vision for far objects C) Her visual acuity is around 20/30 D) Her vision is better when she’s staring at stationary objects than when she’s tracking moving objects |
Her vision for near objects is better than her vision for far objects.
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The Zone of Proximal development was developed by:
A) Piaget B) Vygotsky C) Skinner D) Thorndike |
Lev Vygotsky
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Dr. Smith believes that all behavior – both abnormal and normal – is learned. She is not interested in the person’s mind; he studies only what is observable and measurable. Dr. Smith takes what approach to psychology?
A) Behavioral B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) biological |
Behavioral
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Sean has a dominant gene for brown hair and a recessive gene for blonde hair. His hair color is _____, and his children’s hair color will be _____.
A) Brown; brown or blonde B) Blonde; brown or blonde C) Brown; blonde D) Blonde; brown |
His is Brown and the kids will be brown or blonde.
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Which of the following are NOT life support systems for the embryo?
A) placenta B) fallopian tube C) umbilical cord D) amnion |
The Fallopian Tube
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A longitudinal study does which of the following:
A) studies different people over time B) studies time intervals C) studies people who live far away D) studies the same people over time |
Studies the same people over time.
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The typical female chromosome pattern is:
A) YY B) XX C) XY D) XXY |
XX is Female Chromosome
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Studies on identical twins are influential on gene-environment interactions because:
A) twins are not used when studying gene-environment interactions B) any differences must be attributed to environment since they are genetically identical C) gene-environment interactions aren't studied as much as gene-gene interactions D) it allows researchers to understand the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins |
Any differences must be attributed to environment since they are genetically identical.
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Which parental child-rearing style exerts a high degree of control but is also responsive to the child’s thoughts and feelings?
A) Authoritarian B) Authoritative C) Permissive-indifferent D) Permissive-indulgent |
Authoritative
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A person's genetic heritage is his or her:
A) genotype B) phenotype C) dominant character D) recessive character |
Genotype
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The extent to which our behavior is influenced by heredity and by the environment is known as the _______ controversy.
A) stability versus change B) nature versus nurture C) rationality versus irrationality D) continuous versus discontinuous |
Nature versus Nurture
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Because he has recently achieved object permanence, Scott will now be able to
A) Categorize objects by function B) Add and subtract C) Search for an object that rolled out of sight D) Understand that a round object contains the same amount of material when it is flattened into a pancake |
Search for an object that rolled out of sight.
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Negative reinforcement is exemplified by which of the following:
A) getting money for good behavior B) getting money for bad behavior C) losing a toy for bad behavior D) child avoiding punishment when it lies about its behavior |
Child avoiding punishment when it lies about its behavior.
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Thorndike’s law of effect says that when a behavior is pleasant it is:
A) less likely to be repeated B) more likely to be repeated C) less likely to cause avoidance D) likely to encourage change |
More likely to be repeated
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Jenny has brown eyes. Her eye color is an example of Jenny's _________?
A) genotype B) phenotype C) carrier D) genes |
Phenotype
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Ricky wants to paint his fingernails. His ____ is most likely to discourage this behavior.
A) Father B) Teacher C) Sister D) Mother |
Father
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If reinforcement is to be most effective in learning, it should be:
A) provided as sparingly as possible B) used on a regular basis C) provided soon after the desired behavior occurs D) used primarily with high achievers |
Provided soon after the desired behavior occurs.
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Random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups ensures that:
A) the number of subjects in each group will be the same B) subjects in each condition with not know each other C) prior to the experimental maniupulation, the two groups of subjects would be equivalent with respect to the dependent variable D) after the experimental manipulation, the two groups of subjects would differ with respect to the dependent variable |
After the experimental manipulation, the two groups of subjects would differ with respect to the dependent variable.
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Which of the following is an example of a young child’s script for going to bed?
A) “Last night there was a monster in my closet.” B) “I brush my teeth, read my story, and go to sleep.” C) “I want to read a story tonight before I go to bed.” D) “Can I stay up late?” |
“I brush my teeth, read my story, and go to sleep.”
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A child is said to be egocentric during which of Piaget’s developmental stages?
A) Sensorimotor B) Concrete operational C) Formal operational D) Preoperational |
Preoperational
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Cohort effects are concerned with people of different:
A) ethnic backgrounds B) cultures C) age groupings D) socioeconomic backgrounds |
Age Groupings
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Three-year-old Jacqueline’s pediatrician is preparing to give her a shot when Jacqueline bolts out of the examining room and hides behind the receptionist’s desk in the outer office. If her mother subscribes to the authoritarian style of child-rearing, which of the following would she most likely do?
A) Acknowledge Jacqueline’s feelings, help her to understand why the shot is necessary, and gently, but decisively, take her back to the examining room B) Pick Jacqueline up and carry her screaming into the doctor’s examining room C) Promise to take her to the toy store and buy her a new doll right after she goes back in to get her shot |
Pick Jacqueline up and carry her screaming into the doctor’s examining room.
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Which theoretical perspective believes that development is based on intrinsic sources of motivation:
A) humanism B) psychodynamic C) ethological D) cognitive |
Humanism
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What is the basic unit of inheritance?
A) nucleus B) dominance C) genes D) gamete |
Genes
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____________is the “father” of social learning theory.
A) Skinner B) Pavlov C) Bandura D) Vygotsky |
Albert Bandura
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Sandra realizes that her favorite toy, a musical carousel, remains the same even though it looks different when her father picker her up and she sees it from above. Sandra has achieved
A) Depth perception B) Habituation C) Object constancy D) Object permanence |
Object Constancy
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An important difference between the cognitive-developmental theories of Piaget and of Vygotsky is that Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on which of the following?
A) The causal role of social factors B) the causal role of maturational factors C) infant development D) development during early adolescence |
The Causal Role of Social Factors
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Which of the following statements is true concerning fetal alcohol syndrome?
A) Only an alcoholic woman can have a child with alcohol-related birth defects B) A woman who drinks moderately can have a child with alcohol-related birth defects C) The father’s drinking habits are as important as the mother’s during the pregnancy D) Children born with fetal alcohol syndrome rarely have any cognitive deficiencies |
A woman who drinks moderately can have a child with alcohol-related birth defects.
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Which of the following is an example of the rooting reflex
A) When a baby’s cheek is touched with a finger, the baby turns its head to face the finger B) In response to the sudden sensation of falling, the baby first flings arms and legs to the sides, and then brings the arms in toward the body in a hugging motion C) When a finger is placed in the palm of a baby’s hand, the baby gasps the finger tightly D) When a finger is placed in a baby’s mouth, the baby begins sucking |
When a baby’s cheek is touched with a finger, the baby turns its head to face the finger.
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A researcher wants to know whether failure at a task causes aggression. As a part of her study, some of subjects are told they have failed at a task, whereas others are told they succeeded. Failing or not at the task would be:
A) a placebo B) the independent variable C) a within-subjects manipulation D) the dependent variable |
The Independent Variable
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According to Jean Piaget, cognitive development begins with which of the following:
A) preoperational thought B) concrete operations C) sensorimotor activities D) formal operations |
Sensorimotor Activities
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Linda became pregnant one week ago when her husband’s sperm cell fertilized her egg cell. The correct term for the now fertilized egg cell that will eventually become their baby is:
A) embryo B) ovum C) fetus D) zygote |
Zygote
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The set of traits an individual inherits is referred to as the
A) karyotype B) phenotype C) genotype D) zygote |
Genotype
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A random sample is:
A) asking your class to draw names out of a hat B) generated in such a way that everyone has an equal chance at being selected C) talking to random people on the street D) studying the people who live in your building |
Generated in such a way that everyone has an equal chance at being selected.
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Drew is in the sixth substage of Piaget’s stages of sensorimotor intelligence. Consequently, when he sees his sister running into another room to hide his favorite toy, Drew will
A) Cry in distress but not look for the toy B) Go into the other room and search with the conviction that toy’s don’t just disappear when they’re out of sight C) Look for it only briefly and then give up D) Stare blankly at the place where he last saw the toy and then turn his attention to something else |
Go into the other room and search with the conviction that toy’s don’t just disappear when they’re out of sight.
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Subjects know that their behavior is being observed in the typical setting for all of the following research methods EXCEPT:
A) case study B) naturalistic observation C) survey D) experimental |
Naturalistic Observation
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Ten-month-old Kerry, who had formed an attachment to her mother, has come with her mother to visit great-grandmother. According to attachment theory, when Kerry leaves her mother’s side and goes exploring into another area of great-grandmother’s living room, she should feel
A) autonomous and self-confident B) bored and restless C) curious and daring D) fearful and anxious |
Fearful and Anxious
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A researcher sits at a table in a restaurant all day and records what customers in adjoining booths are saying and doing. What type of research strategy is this?
A) experiment B) case study C) survey D) naturalistic observation |
Naturalistic Observation
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The APGAR scale is administered:
A) 5 days after the baby is born B) immediately after delivery C) on the baby's first doctor visit D) only on premature babies |
Immediately after delivery.
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Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget’s stages of development:
A) senorimotor B) preoperational C) concrete operational D) postoperational |
Postoperational
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A correlation is
A) a mathematical statement of the relationship or correspondence between two variables B) a philosophical statement about relationships C) a psychological statement about correspondence D) a historical connection |
A mathematical statement of the relationship or correspondence between two variables.
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Which of the following approaches is used by a psychologist who emphasizes the power of rewards and punishments to influence behavior?
A) behavioral B) cognitive C) humanistic D) psychoanalytic |
Behavioral
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According to Vygotsky, children’s private speech is
A) Not useful B) Egocentric C) Nonsocial D) Used for self-guidance |
Used for self-guidance
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A researcher studies language development by collecting data from a specific group of infants starting when they are six months old and continuing at six-month intervals for the next five years. This is an example of which developmental research design?
A) cross-sectional B) experimental C) longitudinal D) sequential |
Longitudinal Studies
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The sex cells carry only one member of each pair of genes. Therefore, these cells, called, _____, each contain only ____ chromosomes.
A) Gametes; twenty three B) Gametes; forty six C) Zygotes; thirty two D) Zygotes; sixty four |
Gametes and 23 Chromosomes
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The infant Michael has been classified as having a slow-to-warm-up temperament. Is it possible to predict what Michael’s personality will be like when he reaches his teen years?
A) No, infant temperament is not predictive of later personality B) Yes, he will most probably be anxious C) Yes, he will most probably be shy D) Yes, he will most probably be very cautious |
No, infant temperament is not predictive of later personality.
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Johnny is playing with some cars. Mike is also playing with cars. The two boys are not interacting while engrossed in their play. This is an example of which type of play?
A) solitary play B) parallel play C) cooperative play D) associative play |
Parallel Play
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Which developmental domain is involved with acquiring problem solving skills and learning new information?
A) cognitive B) personality C) physical D) cultural |
Cognitive
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Why is Fragile X syndrome worse in males than females?
A) men would be considered weak and fragile B) woman have 2 Xs and men only have 1 X C) Fragile X syndrome is not worse for males D) Females do not get this syndrome |
Woman have 2 Xs Chromosome and men only have 1 X Chromosome.
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Which phrase best defines a teratogen?
A) A life-support system that protects the fetus B) An agent that stimulates the formation of organs C) An abnormality in infants of alcoholic mothers D) An environmental factor that produces birth defects |
An environmental factor that produces birth defects.
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Which research method involves studying the behavior of individuals one at a time and in depth?
A) case study B) naturalistic observation C) survey D) experimental |
Case Study
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"Nature" is to "nurture" as _________________ is to ______________
A) genetics is to environment B) biology is to physiology C) physiology is to genetics D) upbringing is to social status |
genetics is to environment
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Sue was watching a cartoon that had some violent scenes in it. She then goes outside and tries to mimic the aggression. This is an example of which theory?
A) Psychoanalytic theory B) social learning theory C) cognitive theory D) ecological theory |
Social Learning Theory
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Which of the following theorists introduced the concept of the identity crisis:
A) Piaget B) Freud C) Vygotsky D) Erikson |
Erik Erikson
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Which of these syndromes is NOT sex-linked?
A) Sickle-cell anemia B) Klinefelter syndrome C) Turner syndrome D) XYY syndrome |
Sickle-cell anemia
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Studies in which the same people are tested at different ages are called:
A) longitudinal B) cross-sectional C) naturalistic observation D) experimental |
Longitudinal Study
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The developing organism is most vulnerable to the effects of teratogens during the period of the _____________
A) zygote B) embryo C) fetus D) ovum |
Embryo
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A couple has been informed that their newborn daughter has stubby fingers and a “webbed” neck. The parents are told that, in the future, their child may have difficulty with spatial and mathematical reasoning, be shorter than average, and probably will not be able to have children. These characteristics are typical of which sex chromosome abnormality?
A) XXX pattern B) Phenylketonuria (PKU) C) Klinefelter Syndrome D) Turner Syndrome |
Turner Syndrome
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During the germinal stage of prenatal development:
A) the 3 germ layers arise B) the zygote travels down from the fallopian tube and begins the process of cell division and growth C) cephalo-caudal growth begins D) age of viability exists |
The zygote travels down from the fallopian tube and begins the process of cell division and growth.
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Time out is a disciplinary technique that is based on the principles of:
A) operant conditioning B) classical conditioning C) observational learning D) habituation |
Operant Conditioning
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Major defects in body structure occur during which period of pregnancy?
A) germinal B) fetal C) embryonic D) conception |
Embryonic
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Which of the following is an abnormality accompanied by mental retardation and marked by the presence of an extra twenty-first chromosome?
A) Phenylketonuria (PKU) B) Korsakoff’s syndrome C) Turner’s syndrome D) Down syndrome |
Down Syndrome
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One advantage in using naturalistic observation rather than an experiment is that naturalistic observations
A) are less intrusive B) are not subject to personal bias C) do not require a trained observer D) do not require informed consent |
Observations are less intrusive.
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The ________ pair of chromosomes determines a person’s sex
A) 46th B) 23rd C) 10th D) 2nd |
23 Pairs of chromosomes.
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Traits that are produced by the interaction between two or more genes are called:
A) dominant B) recessive C) monogenic D) polygenic |
Polygenic
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High alcohol intake during pregnancy may result in:
A) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome B) Rubella C) Rapid growth D) Down's syndrome |
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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A mother nags her son until he cleans his room. Later that month when his room becomes messy again, the son spontaneously cleans up his room because he doesn’t want to be nagged. The mother’s nagging is an example of:
A) positive reinforcement B) negative reinforcement C) punishment D) intermitten reinforcement |
Negative Reinforcement
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The second stage of labor in the birth process is characterized by which occurrence?
A) the cervix starts to dilate B) contractions expel the placenta C) the newborn is delivered D) the amniotic sac breaks |
The newborn is delivered.
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If a trait is expressed, it is called a ________________ trait.
A) dominant B) submissive C) secondary D) incomplete |
Dominant Trait
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During which stage of prenatal development does implantation occur?
A) conception B) germinal C) embryonic D) fetal |
Germinal
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Women have a lifetime supply of:
A) ova B) brain cells C) toenails D) hormones |
Ova
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Which type of conditioning involves the use of 2 stimuli to evoke 1 response?
A) operant B) classical C) observational D) law of effect |
Classical Conditioning
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Which is the characteristic common to individuals with Turner and Klinefelter syndromes?
A) Premature death B) Sterility C) Severe mental retardation D) Elevated levels of aggression |
Sterility
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________is abnormal protein digestion caused by a recessive gene.
A) Turner sydrome B) XXX C) Fragile X syndrome D) Phenylketonuria (PKU) |
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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In ecological systems theory, the exosystem includes:
A) the values and beliefs of the culture in which the child is developing, such as acceptance and violence B) settings in which children spend time, such as their classrooms and neighborhood play groups C) social settings that indirectly influence children, such as their parents' workplaces D) connections among the different settings in which a child develops, such as the home and school |
Social settings that indirectly influence children, such as their parents' workplaces.
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Which of the following disorders is caused by the absence of a chromosome?
A) Down syndrome B) Klinefelter syndrome C) Huntington disease D) Turner syndrome |
Turner Syndrome
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After each of Joyce’s last three meals at the school cafeteria, she vomited. Before the fourth meal, Joyce began to feel nauseated as soon as she saw the cafeteria door. In terms of classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus?
A) the cafeteria food B) the cafeteria door C) nausea D) vomiting |
The cafeteria door.
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