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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What contributes to birth injuries?
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macrosomia (> 4000 g)
non-vertex presentation maternal BMI > 40 maternal pelvic abnormalities maternal small stature |
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What important osteopathic findings related to birth trauma should be considered in a neonate exam?
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1) caput succedaneum - localized swelling that doesn't have to be blood that can cross a suture line. softer and more mobile.
2) cephalhematoma - localized hematoma that will not cross the suture line. firmer, can ossify and be persistant. |
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What are newborn sutures primarily composed of?
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cartilage, which makes them more sensitive to sleep position and cranial trauma. babies have soft heads
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How does the pathology of neonate cranial present?
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can cause jugular foramen compression or condylar compression causing suckling problems
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OA compression can cause what? Condylar compression can also cause/resolve these.
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suckling, reflux, colicky, mucous, reactive airway, sleep, torticolis pathology and resolution through osteopathic manipulation
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What is moulding or plagiocephaly?
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this is the conehead baby or any skull distortion. can spontaneously resolve. can require treatment.
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What positional/function problems can cause plagiocephaly?
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intrauterine position
birth trauma feeding, sleeping postures |
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What synostotic/craniosynostosic problems can cause plagiocephaly?
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premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures
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What position should a baby be placed if it is suspected that it will become hypopneic or apnic?
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place baby on back to keep the airway open
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What are the consequences of not treating plagiocephaly that requires treatment?
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lifelong plastic facial asymmetries
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What position is best for a baby to be in to help with plagiocephaly?
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plagiocephaly - place baby on stomach, but do not leave unattended and do not leave for long periods of time
SIDS - don't sleep baby on belly. sleep baby on back. |
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What is the proposed disadvantage of using helmets to correct plagiocephaly?
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induce forced symmetry without allowing for any motion.
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What is brachycephaly?
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type of plagiocephaly that causes flat back of head often causing condylar compression
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What is synostotic plagiocephaly?
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boat shaped head which causes narrow and long head that looks like trapezoidal from above. usually presents with pre-mature closure of the sagittal suture. treat or it will lifelong chronic
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What are the main treatments for plagiocephaly?
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cranial membranous release, spheno-occipital release, occipito-atlas release, occipito-mastoid release, frontal release
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What is torticollis?
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"wry neck" when the baby will sidebend and rotate away to a preferred side which can be caused by genic predisposition or because of improper positioning, inadequate blood supply to the neck in uteru, or birth trauma
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What are some common symptoms of torticollis?
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feeding problems, stiff neck, swollen neck mm., asymmetric high shoulder
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What is common osteopathic tx for torticollis?
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cranial base, clavicle ribs, cervical and thoracic spine, stretching neck muscles that are shortened, head application, c-spine traction, massage, daily passive stretching and positioning
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What are some rx or surgical tx for torticollis?
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aclofen anticholinergic
botulinum injection surgical correction of m in preschool years is RARELY used |
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What is colic?
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excessive inconsolable crying for at least 3 days a week for at least 3 weeks
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What are some patterns used to identify colic?
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1) predictable, cyclic crying
2) dramatically improved with BM or gas release 3) assumes a consistent physical position like legs drawn up, belly distended, hands clenched. 4) growth is not usually altered |
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What OMT physical exam components should be included when evaluating for colic?
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OA to evaluate for vagus
lumbar spine pelvis pubic symphysis |
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What is the most common cause of colic?
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1) formula antigen, so change baby's diet
2) breast milk antigen, so change mom's diet |
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What is normal baby poop?
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day 2 - green black meconium
breast/formula - green blrown day 3 - yellow-brown day 5 - yellow formula long term - light brown, yellow, tan or green solid food long term - dark brown and sometimes undigested food always paste-like or looser |
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What are the major flags for infant constipation?
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babies that strain and have hard poop that is not easy to pass. timing of poops is not as important as consistency of poop when it passes.
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What simple dietary changes can be tried to resolve infant constipation?
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increase water +2-4 oz
add fruit juice if water doesn't help high-fiber baby foods like barley cereal or prunes |
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How is spastic cerebral palsy treated with OMT?
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gentle palpation of lumbar and sacral vertebrae and allowing gentle, soft, direct, sometimes myofascial releases
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What are some barriers that must be overcome to treat children with OMT?
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fear, parental response, lack of knowledge, failure to appreciate potential
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