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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the agonists and inhibitors of the parasympathetic system?
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1. cholinergic muscarinic agonists
2. acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
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What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?
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1. muscarinic
2. nicotinic both of these are cholinergic (meaning they are stimulated by acetylcholine). muscarinic are most sensitive to muscarine and nicotinic are most sensitive to nicotine. |
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What happens when a cholinergic agonist is stimulated?
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recall this is parasympathetic, so stimulate = rest and digest (in general)
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What kind of applications are there for direct-acting parasympathomimetics?
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1. dry mouth
2. induce bronchodilation 3. reduce urinary retention |
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What kind of applications are there for indirect direct-acting parasympathomimetics?
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1. treat Alzheimer's
2. myasthenia gravis |
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What are the side effects of indirect direct-acting parasympathomimetics?
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1. cramping and diarrhea
2. increased secretions (perspiration, salivation) 3. miosis |
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What is one use of an alpha4-beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist drug?
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smoking cessation therapy.
this is helpful because it lowers the dopamine release when exposed to nicotine when taken in adjunct to smoking. so a pt smokes, but doesn't get as good of a buzz, so they are empowered to quit without having the withdrawal symptoms of going cold turkey. |
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What is the belladonna plant?
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this is the original noted source of anticholinergic drugs, and this is the foundation of common day anticholinergic drugs
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Why is it important to understand anticholinergic effects of drugs?
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because A LOT of drugs have anticholinergic side effects
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What are some effects of anticholinergics?
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1. reduce motion sickness
2. reduce nervous stomach/IBS symptoms 3. reduce overactive bladder 4. reduce parkinsonian symptoms 5. reduce vagal response 6. produce "Twilight sleep effect" (insensitive to pain, but remain awake) 7. antidote for cholinergic poisoning 8. bronchodilation |
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What is the cardiovascular risk associated with anticholinergic agents?
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there is a risk of cardiovascular death and MI with use of inhaled anticholinergic agents, although it has been shown (circa 2008) that there are some anticholinergic drugs that reduce the risk
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What are side effects of anticholinergic agents?
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1. tachycardia
2. constipation 3. urinary retention 4. dry mouth 5. blurred vision 6. increased body temp (flushing) 7. CNS effects |
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What are neuro-muscular blockers?
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anticholinergics to induce paralysis and control muscle spasm usually used in anesthesiology
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