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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the function of the external ear?
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collection of sound waves
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what's the function of the middle ear?
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translation of sound waves into mechanical energy (vibration of membranes and bones)
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what's the fuction of the inner ear?
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1-translation of mechanical energy into electrical (neural) energy (in the cochlea)
2-sense of balance in the vestibular aparatus |
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what arteries supply the outer ear?
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superficial temporal artery
posterior auricular artery |
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what nerves serve the outer ear?
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Sensory:
-Auriculotemporal (V3) -Auricular branch of Vagus (X) -Facial (small contribution) -Great auricular (cervical plexus) -Lesser occipital (Cervical plexus) Motor -Facial (to extrinsic muscles of ear) |
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What arteries supply the tympanic membrane?
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external surface: Deep auricular artery (from maxillary a)
internal surface: anterior tympanic artery (from maxillary a) |
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What connects with the middle ear?
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anteriorly: pharynx
posteriorly: mastoid air cells |
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What makes up the roof of the middle ear?
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tegmen tympani-- a thin plate of bone separating the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa
(space beneath this is the epitympanic recess) |
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What makes up the floor of the middle ear?
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thin layer of bone separating the middle ear from the jugular foramen (posteriorly) and the carotid canal and its contents (anteriorly)
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what makes up the posterior wall of the middle ear?
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-aditus antrum
-pyramid -foramen for entrance of chorda tympani nerve |
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what's the aditus antrum?
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entrance to mastoid air cells in posterior wall of middle ear
increases the volume of the mastoid process without increasing its weight |
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what's the pyramid?
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entrance of the stapedius muscle (which inserts on the stapes)
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what's the stapedius muscle innervated by?
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facial nerve
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what makes up the anterior wall of the middle ear?
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tensor tympani muscle
entrance of the auditory tube exit of the chorda tympani nerve |
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what innervates the tensor tympani muscle?
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motor division of V3
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what makes up the lateral wall of the middle ear?
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tympanic membrane
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what makes up the medial wall of the middle ear?
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-promontory
-oval window -round window -facial nerve (covered by a thin bone creating a ridge) -lateral semicircular canal prominence |
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what's the promontroy?
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bump produced by the first basal turn of the cochlea
has the tympanic plexus of nerves on it |
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what's the oval window?
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membrane of the cochlea covered by the foot plate of the stapes
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what two muscles can be found in the middle ear?
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tensor tympani muscle
stapedius muscle |
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tensor tympani muscle
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inserts on malleus
innervated by V3 |
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stapedius muscle
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inserts on stapes
innervated by facial nerve (VII) |
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what makes up the auditory portion of the innear ear?
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cochlea
modiolus |
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what's the geniculate ganglion?
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found within the facial nerve (VII)
contains cell bodies of SS and GSA fibers) |
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what exits out of the stylomastoid foramen?
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Facial nerve (VII)
-GSA- concha of pinna -GSE- muscles of facial expression |
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what are the branches of the facial nerve near the ear?
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Greater petrosal nerve
-SS- Taste -preganglionic parasympathetic to pterygopal ganglion nerve to the stapedius muscle -motor Chorda tympani nerve -SS- taste -preganglionic parasympathetic to the submandibular ganglion |
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Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
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SS- auditory from cochlea
SS- balance from vestibular apparatus |
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Tympanic plexus
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-on medial wall of the middle ear
-has contributions from CN VII, IX, and X |
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What nerves branch off from the geniculate ganglion?
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Facial nerve (laterally)
Greater petrosal nerve (medially) |
