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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aspirin for children with varicella?
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No - Reye's syndrome
- Damage to organs, esp brain and liver - Life-threatening |
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Roseola (HHV 6/7) overview
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- Mild rash all over body - resolves within about 48 hours
- Infects lymphocytes - lymphotropic - 45% seropositive for this by 2 yo., 100% of adults |
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HHV8 - Kaposi's Sarcoma overview
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- One of 6 viruses that cause cancer!
- Kaposi's sarcoma = B-cell lymphoma - Encodes to promote growth, inhibit apoptosis of infected cells - growths form all over body - Typically asymptomatic - problems in AIDS patients - Opportunistic infection of AIDS/immunosuppressed patients - Treatment = surgical, radiation, chemo |
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DNA Viruses
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- Adenoviruses - linear dsDNA, no envelope
- Papovaviruses - circular dsDNA, no envelope - Parvoviruses - small, linear ssDNA, no envelope - Pox viruses - largest linear dsDNA, with/without envelope |
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Adenovirus overview
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- linear dsDNA - no envelope
- Cytolytic infections - Resists drying, detergents, GI secretions - Transmission = fecal/oral, aerosols, direct contact - Treatment - supportive |
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Adenovirus diseases
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- Depends on route of infection
- Conjunctivitis - "pink eye" - pain, photophobia, blurred vision - potential cloudy spots on pupil - inflammation in cornea - Resp. tract infection - potential pneumonia - Gastroenteritis, diarrhea - If circulates in blood - hemorrhagic cystitis |
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Adenovirus in children/infants
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Basically, same as above
- Pharyngoconjuntival fever - flu-like symptoms - "swimming pool conjunctivitis" - Potential complication = pneumonia - Gastroenteritis, potential hemorrhagic cystitis (urinary tract infection) - Infants get diarrhea |
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Adenovirus in military personnel
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- Causes acute respiratory disease (ARD)
- Common on cramped ships, submarines etc. - shipyard disease - Influenza-like illness -> potential pneumonia - Vaccine for some adenovirus - ARD is resistant...no vaccination possible... |
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Adenovirus histological diagnosis
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- Nuclear inclusion bodies - dense, central, intracellular inclusion
- Adenovirus replicates very rapidly - faster than can assemble virions - Viral DNA, proteins accumulate in cells - Unique to adenovirus infections |
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Adenovirus treatment
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- No drugs!
- Preventing spread - primary objective = difficult! - Adenovirus resists drying, detergents, GI secretions... - Isolate high-risk patients (neonates, immunosuppressed, etc.) - Ab to one serotype doesn't protect against others though...(53 types...) |
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Papilloma virus overview
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Part of papova virus family - circular dsDNA, no envelope
- HPV causes warts - several genotypes cause cervical carcinoma! - Common warts, plantar warts, genital warts, laryngeal papillomas - No effective antiviral drugs - BUT we do have vaccine - >100 genotypes - 3 main sub-groupings - Harmless = no warts or cancer - Warts-linked = genital warts - Cancer linked = some clear up w/o problem = some persist, no cervical abnormalities = some persist w/ cervical abnormalities = few persist, cause cervical cancer... - 70% of sexually active people infected with some type of this virus... |
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HPV latency
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- Acute infection or latent infection possible
- Can latently infect basal skin cells (lowest level of stratified epithelium) - Viral replication linked to cell mitosis - Replication machinery makes more virus when fired up |
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HPV pathogenesis
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- Direct contact with infected lesions - Enters through break in skin/mucous membrane
- Most common viral STD - Local disease (if symptomatic) causes warts, cancer - Resides latently in basal cells - Transmitted from mother to child as well... |
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Notable serotypes
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- 6, 11 = genital warts - most common viral STD
- 16, 18 - cancer-causing = tumors have integrated viral DNA |
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Cancer-causing mechanisms
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- Circular genome contains "early" and "late" genes
- L1, L2 - form the capsid on outer surface of virus - E5, E6, E7 = oncogenes! - E5 - stimulates cells to produce EGF (growth factor) - E6 - causes p53 degradation (ubiquitin) - E7 - competes for retinoblastoma (p105Rb or Rb) protein, frees E2F -> moves cell cycle forward - E6 and E7 - key for immortalizing cell lines |
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HPV diagnosis
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- 3 main methods
1) Pap smear - take tissue sample, stain, examine under microscope 2) Acetic acid test - used if abnormal Pap smear or dysplasia present 3) HPV typing test - looks for viral DNA (expensive - for high-risk patients) |
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HPV Treatment
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- No drugs to treat with - also no cure for latency...
- Can physically excise growths (liquid N2, CO2 laser) - Podophyllin (old remedy), Imiquimod (new drug) can help with warts - Surgical removal of cervix |
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HPV vaccine mechanism
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- Contains virus-like particles (VLP) of serotype 6, 11, 16, 18
- VLP have same outer L1 protein coat, but no viral DNA - Series of 3 shots over 6 mo. *** Efficacy only ~50-70% - still need Pap smear! - Other unknown serotypes also cause cancer... - Antibody-mediated immunity - cluster all over surface of HPV virus if encountered |
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Parvovirus overview
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- Small, linear ssDNA, no envelope
- Main agent = Parvovirus B19 - Acute disease - NO latency! - Life-long immunity after 1st contraction (usually children) - Targets RBC precursors in marrow - cytolytic infection - Transmission - aerosols - Diagnosis = presence of IgM anti-parvovirus B19 |
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Parvovirus B19 disease - Children
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Erythema infectiosum - one of 5 childhood diseases
- Others = Rubella, Roseola (HHV 6/7), Rubeola (measles), and varicella (VZV) - Lace-like rash on extremities, "slapped cheek" appearance on face - from immune response (grouping of Ab-viral complexes, etc.) - Rash not infectious |
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Parvovirus B19 disease - Adults (rare)
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- Polyarthropathy - rare - manifests in joints all over body
- Also caused by immune response - generally resolves quickly |
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Parvovirus B19 disease - special pops. (rare)
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- If chronic hemolytic anemia - can cause aplastic crisis (bone marrow failure, can't generate RBC's)
- Fever, lethargy, cramps, nausea - In fetus - still-born, spontaneous abortions |
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Parvovirus treatment
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- None, really
- Blood transfusions for those in aplastic crisis |
