0104100930 - Mfm Ii - Intro To Mycology (Alley)

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saprobes

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organisms that exist in dead or decaying material

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symbionts

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symbiotic mutual beneficial life

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commensals

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may or may not benefit, but does not harm. the fugus can chill until the host is immunocompromised, then it can be pathogenic

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parasites

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parasite benefits, host is hurt

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Why is mycoses nomenclature confusing?

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there are two forms of fungus: the asexual anamorphic spore producing flavor and the sexual telomorphic spore producing flavor

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What is the fungal cell structure?

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Fungus are eukaryotes, so they have membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeleton, plasmalemma, cell wall, sometimes a capsule.

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What is the only relevant encapsulated fungus?

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Cryptococcus neoformans - encapsulated yeast

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What is the structure and function of the plasmalemma?

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they function as a cell membrane to protect the cytoplasmic contents and regulates the intake and secretion of solutes. The bilayered structure is made of phospholipids and sterols.

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What is significant about the cell wall of a fungus?

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It is antigenic, so it activates an immune response and is made of 90% polysaccharides and 10% proteins.

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What is the most important component of the cell wall of fungus?

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chitin = N-acetyl glucosamine

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What is dimorphism in fungus?

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fungus that can operate as mold or yeast depending on environmental conditions.

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What are the significant characteristics of yeast?

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unicellular, reproduce by nuclear fission or budding, structurally display buds and pseudohyphae (hyphae shaped buds)

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What are the significant characteristics of mould?

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multicellular, have true hyphae, mycelium, and spores. hyphae will form mycelium

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How are hyphae catagorized?

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The presence of septa and the shape.

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What are the three shapes of hyphae?

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Racquet - spiral, nodular - rootlike, pectinate - chandler

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What's the difference between septate and nonseptate?

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septate are segregated into single nucleated cells by crosswalls. they have septum. nonseptate or coenocytic are actually multinucleated hyphae.

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What are mycelium?

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they are precursed by hyphae, but are longer projections. they can either be vegetative (grows beneath the surface) or aerial (projects above the surface)

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What are the role of spores in a fungal life cycle?

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They are the form of fungus that undergoes sexual or asexual reproduction. They are haploid and unicellular.

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What is the process of asexual fungal reproduction?

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Mycelium gives rise to spore-producing structures. Spores are released and germination takes place which eventually produces mycelium.

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What is the process of sexual fungal reproduction?

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Mycelium is formed and plasmogramy takes place (the fusion of cytoplasm between two mates). The fusion produces a geterokaryotic stage which leads to karyogamy (fusion of nuclei). Thish produces a zygote. The zygote undergoes meiosis for form new haploid fungus. These form spore-producing structures which produce spores and germinate into mycelium.

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What are the three types of fungal sexual spores?

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zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores

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What is a zygospore?

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A fungal sexual spore caused by the fusion of two hyphae.
1) A (+) and (-) hyphae mate
2) a (n) gametangia or zygosporangium is formed
3) a (2n) zygote is formed
4) a (2n) zygospore is formed
5) meiosis will occur to go back to an (n) state of a normal fungus.

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What is an ascospore?

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An ascus is a cell that is the site of meiosis. An ascospore is a spore born in an ascus (sac). There are 8 ascospores in an ascus. Ascospores in an ascus look like peas in a pod.

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What is a basidiospore?

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Basidium is a cell where karyogamy and meiosis take place. Basidiospores are sexual fungal spores born on the outside of a basidium.

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What are the two asexual fungal spore?

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sporangiospores and conidia

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What are sporangiospores?

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Asexual fungal spores produced within sporangium which stains as a pink stalk with a sporangium containing red sporangiospores. Stalk and bulb.

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What are conidiaspores?

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A conidiophore is a specialized hyphal branch. Conidiaspores are born at the end of this stalk. Conidiophore stalk with bulbous vesicle and finger-like conidiaspore projections.

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What class of fungus are these?

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Zygomycetes - forms zygospores, sporangium

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What fungal class is this?

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Ascomycetes - ascospores, conidiophores, can see septate hyphae

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What is the fungal class?

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Basidomycetes - mostly mushrooms, which are important because of toxicity. Most recognized human pathogen is Cryptococcus neoformans.

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What class of fungus is called the imperfect fungi, has never been witnessed reproducing sexually, and has been moved to Ascomycetes for the most part?

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Deuteromycetes

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What four techniques are used to visualize mycoses?

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microscopy, culture, serology, molecular techniques

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What four stain types are used to identify mycoses microscopically.

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Gram, KOH, calcofluor, India Ink.

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What two cultures are used to identify mycoses microscopically?

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Sabouraud dextrose agar, mycobiotic agar.

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