01-The Last Bit

Front 1

maxillary tumour symptoms

Back 1

teeth fall out, lacrimal duct blocks, exopthalamos, nosebleeds, facial pain

Front 2

inner circle of nodes

Back 2

retropharyngeal, paratracheal, pretracheal

Front 3

outer circle of nodes

Back 3

occipital, preauricular, buccal, submandibular, submental

Front 4

deep cervical nodes

Back 4

int. jug. vein, esp. jugulodigastric, jugulo-omohyoid

Front 5

waldeyers ring

Back 5

tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils, adenoids, soft palate, lingual tonsils

Front 6

quinsy

Back 6

peritonsillar abscess – difficulty swallowing, speaking, opening jaw, referred pain from IX

Front 7

tonsils

Back 7

extensive blood supply and venous drainage – palatine and tonsilar br. of facial artery

Front 8

retroperitodean space

Back 8

rouviere + other nodes may compress carotid sheath, IX, X, X, XII, and symp. trunk (direct comp. or lymph spread)

Front 9

main nerves in infratemporal fossa

Back 9

V3, lingual, inf. alveolar, chorda tympani of VII

Front 10

maxillary artery branches

Back 10

middle meningeal, inf. alveolar

Front 11

nasopharyngeal tumour spread

Back 11

thru carotid canal, foramen ovale: middle cranial fossa. to temporal fossa. through infratemp – parotid, submand. glands, pterygoid musc. Via eustachian tube.

Front 12

nasopharyngeal border

Back 12

anterior carotid canals, pharyngeal tubercle, medial pter. plt.

Front 13

main tongue muscle

Back 13

genioglossus

Front 14

carcinoma of tongue might block

Back 14

jug. veins, lymph drainage

Front 15

operation to remove tongue tumour/related tissues

Back 15

commando op: side of tongue, musc. floor of mouth, mandible, cervical nodes, sternomastoid, int. jug. vein

Front 16

repair after tongue tumour op?

Back 16

myocutaneous flap and bone from chest 5th rib – mandible, pec major – musc. for floor of mouth, skin – fl. of mouth

Front 17

anterior 2/3, tip lymph drainage

Back 17

submand-deep cervical. submental-submand, deep cerv.

Front 18

if tumour of tongue more posterior, then what nodes?

Back 18

more posterior tumour is, will involve nodes higher up.

Front 19

tongue tumour spread?

Back 19

soft palate, floor of mouth, mandible, posterior 1/3, tonsil

Front 20

superior and middle thyroid veins drain where

Back 20

internal jugular

Front 21

inferior thyroid vein drains where

Back 21

left brachiocephalic

Front 22

superior pharyngeal constrictor innervation, mid, inf.

Back 22

Vagus/access, vagus/access, sup.&rec. laryngeal/access

Front 23

sensation to pharynx

Back 23

naso:V2, Oro: IX, Laryngo: Vagus

Front 24

space behind pharynx and significance

Back 24

retropharyngeal betw. pre-vert fascia and carotid sheath– tumour/infection spread from head-abd

Front 25

what keeps nose open at top of pharynx

Back 25

pharyngo basilar fascia

Front 26

connection of sup. constrictor

Back 26

pharyngeal tubercle, hamulus of med. pterygoid

Front 27

middle constrictor originates

Back 27

hyoid bone

Front 28

structures at risk during carotid reaming out

Back 28

endarterectomy: vagus (laryngeals), hypoglossal

Front 29

methods for reducing emboli

Back 29

blood thinners, aspirin

Front 30

when small emboli pass through cerebral vessels

Back 30

platelets/lipids: cause transient ischemic attacks – usually on same side/structure (bloodflow=laminar) sudden loss of vision, sudden weakness, vertigo. HARBINGER: bad things

Front 31

what is a carotid clamp for?

Back 31

if huge middle cerebral aneurism, need to reduce flow: danger of bleeding. put small clamp (tap) on carotid, gradually reduce to ensure enough collateral flow elsewhere before turning off entirely

Front 32

path of vertebral artery

Back 32

subclavian – transverse processes – foramen mag – basilar

Front 33

common, internal, external carotid flows

Back 33

500, 350, 150 ml/min

Front 34

crocodile tears

Back 34

fracture of petris bone, when healing nerves to lacrimal and salivary glands cross

Front 35

carotid artery tear in cavernous sinus

Back 35

carotid-cavernous fistula

Front 36

nerves in cavernous sinus

Back 36

III, IV, V1, V2, VI (within sinus

Front 37

tumours enter cavernous sinus through foramen lacerum or other prexisting holes, or chew new ones

Back 37

petro-sphenoidal syndrome

Front 38

nasociliary innervates

Back 38

dilator pupillae, muellers mus., orbital vess. lacrimal glands,

Front 39

pupil dilation pathway

Back 39

hypothalamus-T1-sup.cerv.gang.-carotid-opthalmic nerve

Front 40

causes of eye swelling

Back 40

tumours, infection from sinuses, vessel malformations, lymph swelling, endocrine disease (hyperthyroid)

Front 41

choroid plexus tumour

Back 41

will fill in ventricles, create lesion, bulge gyri

Front 42

space occupying lesion in brain – effect

Back 42

coning – brain shifts to accommodate, may herniate through dura, disturb resp. patterns, compress cerebellum/brainstem

Front 43

fracture of frontal sinuses – danger

Back 43

meningeal tear (CSF-nose, blood in sinuses, air into subarach. space: INFECTION) CSF leak, drop in CSF pressure, brain settles down on infection site-meningitis/encephalitis

Front 44

nodules on vocal cords

Back 44

screamers nodules – overgrowth of epithelium

Front 45

Two muscles near eustachian tube, and their innervation

Back 45

Levator Palatini (Vagus), Tensor Palati (Trigeminal)

Front 46

inner eye/outer eye

Back 46

medial/lateral canthus

Front 47

small medial fold of skin, lateral to caruncle

Back 47

plica semilunaris