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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
A portion of DNA that gets transcribed into a functional RNA, which is then translated into a single protein product. |
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Ribosomes |
An organelle that is made out of RNA. The job of the ribosomes is yo translate the mRNA into a protein. |
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Transcription |
The process in which a segment of DNA (gene) is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Uracil replaces Thymine in the RNA product. |
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Translation |
The process in which a ribosomes creates proteins. The messenger RNA produced by transcription is read by codons to produce a specific amino acid chain, or protein. |
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Mutation |
A permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, at the level of DNA replication, transcription, or translation. |
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Chromosome |
An long, organized structure of DNA located in the nucleus of the cell. |
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Nucleotide |
The base unit that makes up DNA and RNA. It is made of three parts: sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. |
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Nucleic Acid |
One of the four macromolecules that make up life. DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids made out of monomers known as nucleotides. |
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Codon |
A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. |
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Amino Acid |
The monomers, or building block, that protein is made out of. |
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Point Mutation |
A mutation that changes DNA or RNA at only one base in a codon. |
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Base Pair |
Two bases, one purine and one a pyrimidine, that pair by forming a hydrogen bond between base. A-T and C-G |
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Anti-codon |
Located on the transfer RNA. Has a base sequence that is complimentary to the codon on the mRNA. |
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DNA Replication |
The process of the producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. |
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Chargaff's Rule |
DNA should always have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine (C&T) and purine (A&G) bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. |
