Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are traits of complex inheritance?
|
traits that are influenced by the environment
|
|
|
geographic distribution of height
|
taller people live away from the equator; shorter people live closer to it
|
|
|
average height
|
4 feet 6
|
|
|
tallest people in the world
|
Watusi or Tutsi of Rwanda
|
|
|
shortest people
|
pygmies: mbuti, baka, efe
men on avg are 4'10; women are 4'7 |
|
|
sexual dimorphism
|
Physical differences between males and females
|
|
|
cormic index
|
how much of your height is based on legs or torso
Sitting/ standing = ratio |
|
|
intermembral index
|
ratio of arms to legs
arm length ÷ leg length |
|
|
Cephalic index
|
width of skull divided by length of skull
|
|
|
nasal index
|
width of nose ÷ length of nose
|
|
|
steatopygia
|
enlarged buttocks
|
|
|
who has steatopygia?
|
Ju'/hoansi - store fat in butt, so torso remains slim
|
|
|
Explanation to why pygmies are short
|
genetic variation
IGF - insulin like growth factor needed for cartilage and bone growth. pygmies have a mutation or missing this |
|
|
how are head and face shape related to climate?
|
rounder head - colder climate; narrow head - warmer climate
darker eyes are bc of more sunlight - pigmentation. based on melanin mouth - heavy chewing in childhood results in stimulation of growth in Palatine bone (cucurny believes genetic variation that runs in family) |
|
|
prognathism
|
jutting out of lower jaw
|
|
|
how is prognathism related to human evolution
|
the more primitive the species, the more prognathic
the more derived, the more flat |
|
|
shovel shaped incisors
|
shovel indent in back of incisors
Asian and Latino descent stronger teeth |
|
|
human dental formula
|
number and type of teeth in one fourth of the mouth: 2-1-2-3 (incisors, canine, premolars, and molars)
Deciduous teeth: baby teeth or milk teeth: 2-1-2 (incisors, canine, premolars) |
|
|
how are nose shape related to climate?
|
nose is for breathing, smell, filter, and moisturizing
the drier the climate, the longer the nose humid - flat, wide nose |
|
|
skin functions
|
largest organ of the body
protects muscles, glands, blood vessels, and nerves involved with immune system, carries lymphocytes to the areas needed thermal regulation secrete metabolic waste through sweat protections from UV rays Metabolizes vit D |
|
|
2 skin layers
|
dermis and epidermis
|
|
|
dermis
|
deeper, inner layer
Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands |
|
|
Epidermis
|
outer layer
all skin that you see are dead |
|
|
apocrine gland
|
give you your scent
kicks in through puberty |
|
|
melanocytes
|
produce and secrete melanin
located in deep layer of epidermis major factor in pigmentation |
|
|
melanin and its function
|
filters harmful effects of the sun
Protects. from suns UV rays |
|
|
skin colors and origin of humanity
|
earliest humans had more hair and light skinned
skin became darker when they lost their hair |
|
|
Malignant melanoma
|
cancer of melanocytes
easier to cure if caught on time |
|
|
how is vitamin d related to sunshine
|
get enough vitamin d in just 15 mins in the sun a day
|
|
|
vit d food
|
milk and fish oil
|
|
|
lack of vit d
|
rickets in children
osteomalacia in adults |
|
|
causes of rickets in modern world
|
cultural practices - fear of sun, sun block, staying inside
|
|
|
osteomalacia
|
softening of bones in females more so than adults
poor calcification of bones |
|
|
hypervitaminosis
|
too much vit d can cause soft tissue to become calcified
|
|
|
factor that contributed to selection in skin coloration
|
sun
|
|
|
cause of blue eyes
|
lack of melanin
|
|
|
brown eyes
|
increase in melanin
|
|
|
dominant hair color
|
black
|
|
|
see variation on what continent
|
western Europe
one group in Japan - Ainu |
|
|
clinal distribution
|
clinal is a geographic area that we measure allele frequency
|
|
|
multivarite
|
where we look at multiple characteristics in the cline or clinal distribution to determine relatedness in different populations
|
