Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Acute Kidney Injury
|
A rapid deterioration of GFR associated with accumulation of normally excreted nitrogenous and other waste products.
|
|
|
All forms of AKI typically have elevated blood level of ____ and ____.
|
creatinine; BUN
|
|
|
What are the 4 "flavors" of intrinsic renal failure?
|
- ATN
- AIN - AGN - Vascular disease |
|
|
What are some common causes of post-renal Azotemia (obstruction)?
|
- BPH
- Cancer - Kidney stones |
|
|
If patient has ARF and Cr is going higher and higher (getting worse) each day, what does that tell you about the disease?
|
It is a bilateral disease
Explanation: Unilateral obstruction does not cause progressive severe ARF |
|
|
What is the diagnostic method of choice for most cases of post-renal azotemia?
|
Ultrasonogram (USG)
Explanation: USG bounces sound waves off kidney to take picture - fast, cheap, safe, no contrast |
|
|
What is the BUN/Cr of ATN?
|
Normal (10-15/1)
|
|
|
Besides "muddy" brown casts, what are other findings of ATN?
|
Combination of following:
- High urine [Na+] - Unchanged BUN/Cr (1-15/1) - Fixed urine osmolality and urinary specific gravity |
|
|
Nephrotoxins such as Gentamicin (aminoglycoside) and Cyclosporine cause what type of ATN?
A. Oliguric B. Non-oliguric |
B. Non-oliguric
|
|
|
Why is GFR reduced in ATN? List 4 reasons.
|
- Vasoconstriction
- Back leak of tubular fluid - Intratubular obstruction - Altered glomerular permeability |
|
|
Why would ATN cause vasoconstriction?
|
Due to tubular damage, NaCl cannot be properly absorbed into the tubulues → Cl- accumulates in the arterioles → high Cl- signals JGA to upragulate RAAS axis → vasoconstriction
|
|
|
Would you expect ↑ or ↓ in the following biochemical markers during tubular cell injury in ATN?
- Basal O2 consumption - Max O2 consumption - Phospholipases - ROS - Cellular K+ - Cellular Ca2+ - ATP levels - AMP levels |
- Basal O2 consumption (↓)
- Max O2 consumption (↓) - Phospholipases (↑) - ROS (↑) - Cellular K+ (↓) - Cellular Ca2+ (↑) - ATP levels (↓) - AMP levels (↑) |
|
|
Is ATN reversible?
|
Yes, it is possible (but slow)
|
