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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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infant who is a poor feeder, cries excessively, and becomes diaphroetic during feeds is likely to have... |
anomalous left coronary artery |
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colic should resolve after __ months |
4 |
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characteristics of colic |
crying > 3 hours/day for >3 days a weel for > 3 weeks
paroxysmal crying, qualitatively different crying from normal crying, hypertonic positioning, inconsolable |
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definition of deafness, hearing loss |
deafness : hearing loss > 90 db mild hearing loss = 25 db loss |
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most common causes of coductive hearing loss |
cerumen fluid in middle ear (2/2 OM) |
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patient with syncope and history of hearing loss... syndrome? |
prolonged Q=T syndrome (Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome) |
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infectious causes of hearing loss |
cmv toxoplasmosis |
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children reach 20/20 vision by... |
5 years |
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vision in term vs preterm infants |
term: hyperopic (farsighted) at birth preterm: myopic |
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genetic defect associated with retinoblastoma |
13q deletion; affected children also have MR, skeletal anomalies, increased risk of tumors (most commonly osteogenic sarcoma) |
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types of breath-holding spells |
cyanotic: face turns blue until breathing returns, usually preceded by shrill cries, usually after upset by an event (mad)
pallor: face turns pale due to vasovagal syncope, usually happen after a painful event, can have tonic-clonic movements with syncope |
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timing of separation anxiety |
noticable at 6mo, most prominent 9-18mo, lessens by 3 yo |
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head banging |
occurs in 5-15% of children, usually from 8-9mo to 4yo
more common in males, at bedtime /middle of night
no EEG or neuro abnormalites |
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what can unmask a tic disorder? |
ADHD medications (stimulants; dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate)
also worse with stress |
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treatment of tics |
treat if impacting daily life/performance
haloperidol, fluphenazine, pimozide, risperidone, tetrabenazine |
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diagnostic criteria for migraine headaches |
need 2 of the following: - pain on one side - pulsating/throbbing character - moderate to severe intensity - increasing severity with acctivity
must occur at least 5 times, each episode 1-72 hours (adult definition) |
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pseudotumor cerebri associated with: (meds)
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doxycycline
hypervitaminosis A |
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headache warning signs |
sleep-related, absence of family history of migraine, vomiting, absence of visual symptoms, confusion, abnormal neuro exam
other warning signs: growth abnormalities, nocturnal awakening, nuchal rigidity, worsened by cough, mciturition, defecation, recurrent, localized, progressive increase in frequency and severity, lethargy, personality change, pulsatile tinnitus |
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characterstics of cluster headache |
occur several times per day for a few weeks before remitting; unilaterla, peri- or retro-orbital, peaks in 5-10 minutes and lasts 1-2 hours
ipsilateral lacrimation, eye redness, nsal congestion |
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cluster headache treatment |
oxygen; 6l/min x 15min |
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severe limb nighttime pain that responds to salicylates and NSAIDs bu tnot acetaminophen |
osteoid osteoma |
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osteoid osteoma
location? radiographic apperance? |
benign lesion that produces prostaglandins
proximal femur most common location, then tibia
sharp round or oval lesion <2cm in diameter, homogenous dense center, 1-2 mm peripheral radiolucent zone |
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repetitive stress injury to patellar tendon at its insertion into the tibial tubercle |
osgood=schlatter disease |
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legg-calve-perthes disease vs slipped capital femoral epiphysis |
LCP: partial or complete idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head; "dennis the menace" - 4-8yo M, resolves with time, make childnon-weight bearing
SCFE: fat-albert, needs surgery, ice cream off cone |
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stimulant medications for ADHD |
methylphenidate (concerta, ritalin, metadate)
dextroamphetamine
adderall (dextroamph + amph)
lisdexamfetamine (vyvanse) |
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side effects of stimulant meds for ADHD |
growth suppression, weight loss due to appetite suppression, headache, htn, abdominal pain, exacerbation of tic disorders, sleep disturbance |
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do you need screening ECG for kids on stimulant meds? |
no unless the patient's history, FH, or PE raises concerns |
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T/F: pharmacologic treatment of ADHD is associated with an increased risk of substance abuse during adolesence. |
FALSE! there is decreased risk |
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oppositional defiant disorder |
behavior at least 6 months, 4 or more: - often loses temper - often argues with adults - actively defies or refuses to comply with adults' rules/requests - annoys people on pruspose - blames others for his/her misbehavior - easily annoyed by other people - often angry or resentful - often spiteful or vindictive |
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conduct disorder |
repetitive persistent behaviors that violate rights/property of others; lack guilt or remorse |
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mecp2 gene |
mutation causes rett syndrome
normal development until 5mo, then deceleration of HC followed by rapid developmental deterioration |
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PANDAS |
pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococci
ab to GAS cross-react with basal ganglia resulting in symptoms |
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contraindications to pertussis vaccine |
prior serious reaction due to allergy, unstable or active CNS disease, immediate anaphylaxis, encephalopathy within 7 days |
