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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cause of cytoplasmic incompatibility
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When Wolbachia are in male it's evo dead end so they modify male sperm which causes death of embryos
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Why is there no death of embryos when two infected parents mate?
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presence of Wolbachia in eggs somehow rescues the changes of sperm from infected males
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Cytoplasmic incompatibility is found in what orders
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Diptera, Coleoptera, Leps
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Wolbachia phylogeny
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belong to alpha-Proteobacteria, Rickettsia closes relatives, likely transferred horizontally between divergent insects
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Wolbachia distribution
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In 10%+ (up to 80%) of all insect species examined
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Lineages and clades of Wolbachia
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A & B lineage (A has common horizontal transfers), 8 major clades
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Wolbachia and parthenogenesis
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Some Wolbachia strains cause parthenogenesis in many parasitoid wasps
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Experiment to show Wolbachia causes parthenogenesis in parasitoid wasps
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Some Trichogramma species/strains are facultatively parthenogenetic only because infected with Wolbachia. Treat with antibiotics = revert to producing males
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Other Wolbachia effects in arthropods
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Feminization of isopods, male/son killing in ladybirds and butterflies, neuro-degeneration in brain in some Dros species ("popcorn" strain). Can lead to warped sex-ratios and females compete for males
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Wobachia in nematods
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Obligate symbiotic relationship with nematodes, treat them with antibiotics and the nematodes die
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Wolbachia in bedbugs
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Obligate endosymbionts. Kill Wolbachia = dead bedbugs. Housed in bacteriomes, probably provide bedbugs with vitamins
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Tsetse flies endosymbionts
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Rely on Wigglesworthia bacteria for vitamin Bs
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Aphids endosymbionts
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Buchnera bacteria obligate endosymbionts provide essential aa's missing from plant phloem
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By-sequencing
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Wolbachia strains inadvertently sequenced during Dros genome projects, show numerous rearrangements and missing genes despite 97% DNA identity between them
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Utility of endosymbiont research
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Potential in medical entomology: take popcorn strain from D. mel and infect mosquitoes with them to reduce lifespan = less likely to transmit diseases
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Ae. aegypti infected with certain Wolbachia = ?
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can't be superinfected with important disease viruses or Plasmodium parasites, introducing them to mosquitoes could interrupt disease transmission
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Name different effects of Wolbachia in insects and other invertebrates
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Cytoplasmic incompatibility, facultative parthenogenesis, Feminization of isopods, male/son killing in ladybirds and butterflies, neuro-degeneration in brain in some Dros species, warped sex-ratios/females compete for males, affect ability for insects to get superinfected with viruses/plasmodium
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