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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What stain is used in blood staining?
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Leishman's stain
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What rule is used when working with a haemocytometer?
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North-west
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How to measure magnification?
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Size of structure in picture X real size of structure
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Osmosis
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The movement of water down a concentration gradient through a semi permeable membrane
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Why is the bi concaved shape of erythrocytes help it's function?
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It would have a large area to volume ratio to speed up the gaseous exchange
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Lymphocytes help with what?
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Creating antibodies
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What organelles are not found in both palisade mesophyll cell and eukaryotic cells?
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Cell wall, chloroplasts and permanent vacuole
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What is the primary structure?
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Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
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What organelle contain a prosthetic group?
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Haemaglobin
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What is this molecule?
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Phospholipid
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How many molecules of oxygen can a haemoglobin contain?
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4 molecules as there's 4 iron molecule
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What is plasma?
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The liquid part of blood
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What is serum?
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This is where blood-clotting protein and fibrinogen has been removed
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What is tissue fluid?
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Blood which has been passed through the capillaries
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What is lymph?
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Tissue fluid which has drained into lymphatic capillaries
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Platelets are fragments of what?
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Megakaryocytes
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What ions are found in blood plasma?
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Sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride
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What are the waste product of blood plasma?
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Carbon dioxide and urea
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What proteins are found in blood plasma?
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Fibrinogen, antibodies and albumin
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What hormones travel in blood plasma?
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Insulin and oestrogen
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What does polar stand for?
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Something which has different charges
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What is serum?
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This is where blood-clotting protein and fibrinogen has been removed
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What are electrolytes?
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Ions with positive or negative charges
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What's the name for positively charged ions?
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Cations
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What is the name of negatively charged ions?
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Anions
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What electrolytes are tested for?
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Sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate
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What do neutrophils do?
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Engulf microorganisms by phagocytosis
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What plasma ions are tested for?
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Calcium, magnesium and phosphate
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What does facilitated stand for?
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Helped
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What is diffusion?
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The net movement of a substance from a high concentration to a lower concentration.
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What is passive diffusion?
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The movement of a substance down a concentration gradient without energy
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What is isotonic?
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A solution with the same water potential as a cell
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What is hypertonic?
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A solution with a lower water potential than the cell
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What is hypotonic?
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A solution with a higher potential that the cell
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What is the protein which helps to transport sodium out and potassium Into the cell?
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Sodium-potassium pump
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What is water potential?
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The potential energy of water per unit volume
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What should be a normal blood glucose level?
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4-8 millimoles per litre
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What do lymphocytes do?
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B lymphocytes- create antibodies
T lymphocytes- help with cell destruction |
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What should blood glucose level be 90 minutes after eating?
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Less than 10 millimoles per litre
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What is an example of a monosaccharide?
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Glucose
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How many carbons found in a monosaccharide?
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5 in the ring and a single on the outside
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When two glucose are joined what does it produce?
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Maltose
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I'm a disaccharide what bond does a condensation reaction create?
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Glycosidic link
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Disaccharides are made up of what?
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2 monosaccharides
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Example of a polysaccharide?
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Glycogen
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What is this molecule?
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Glycerol molecule
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What's the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
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Unsaturated has a double bond carbon
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What is required to break this water bond?
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Hydrolysis reaction
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Cell membranes are made up of?
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Proteins and phospholipids
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Oils which are liquid at room temperature contain what type of fatty acids?
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Unsaturated fatty acids
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Fats which are solid at room temperature contain what fatty acid?
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Saturated fatty acids
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What is this molecule?
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Glycerol molecule
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Leucocytes and tissues of the blood vessel release and enzyme when damaged called?
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Thromboplastin
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What is required to break this water bond?
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Hydrolysis reaction
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What is this molecule?
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Phospholipid
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What's the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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Ribosomes synthesise proteins and distribute around cell
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Synthesis of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and hormones
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Function of the nuclear envelope?
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Regulates exchange between cytoplasm and nucleus
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Whats the definition of eukaryotic cells?
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Cell with a true nucleus
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What is diastole?
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The relaxation phase of a heart beat
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What valve prevents blood entering the aorta?
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Semi-lunar valve
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What is atrial systole?
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This is where the ventricle contracts and pushes blood into the ventricle
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What is ventricle systole?
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Walls of the ventricle contract and forces the AV valves shut
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