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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Difference Model
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Talking differently.
Different subcultures - different attitudes thus different talk *Tannen* Cooperative vs competitive Status - Support independence-intimacy Advice - understanding Information-feelings Orders - proposals Conflict - compromise |
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Dominance
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Mixed sex conversations - contextual issues
Issue of power - men more powerful maybe? *Zimmerman + West* 96% of interruptions by men Men dominate through constraints Parents and children had similar results, so could be an issue of power |
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Overt and Covert prestige
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Standard English and RP give a person OVERT prestige, women tend to seek this more. Overt - known and obvious *Trudgill* women tend to use this more than men.
Non-standard gives a person COVERT prestige, through the appearance of rebelliousness and toughness. Men tend to seek this more *Cheshire* adolescent boys use more non-standard grammar. |
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Deficit Model
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*Lakoff*
- Hedges and fillers - apologetic requests -tag questions -indirect requests Women speak less than men, use less expletives but more intensifiers. *Holmes* Tag q's are polite and maintain discussion *O'Barr & Atkins* Researched courtroom language Powerless language rather than gender |
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Folk linguistics
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"Women talk more"
Not true, based on little or no evidence |
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Face theory
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Positive face - feeling valued and respected
Negative face - feeling safe, in control and unthreatened You can take away or boost both of these faces |
