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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The composition of the atmosphere has no measurable variations by....? up to.....?
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volume, some 80km
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The two predominant constituents gases in the atmosphere are.....? &....?
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78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen
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Three constituent gases of moist air which show variation with altitude
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Water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone
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The amount of water vapour that can be absorbed in the atmosphere depends on the....? of air.
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Temperature
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In general terms, the total percentage of water vapour does not exceed.....?
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4%
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Large amounts of carbon dioxide are dissolved in the...? & absorbed by...?
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Oceans, Plants
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The main importance of ozone is it's ability to....? and having done so, it tends to....? to the....? of the....?
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Filter ultraviolet radiation, sink, lower, stratosphere.
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The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere is the....?. This boundary is....? and....? over the equator than over the poles.
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Tropopause, higher, colder.
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The temperature in the lower half of the stratosphere is....? which means that temperature....? With height.
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-56.5 degrees, remains steady
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The homosphere comprises of the....?....? and the....?
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Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere.
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Atmospheric pressure is the result of the...? of a column of air above atum, and it....? the ability to do work.
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Weight, has
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Atmospheric pressure is the result of the...? of a column of air above datum, and it...? the ability to do work.
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Weight, has
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When adjacent pressure systems have large pressure differences, the gradient is ...? when the systems move further apart the gradient becomes...?
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Strong, weak
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In the international standard atmosphere (ISA), pressure and temperature changes with height are...?
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Variable
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When an altimeter is set to QFE, the instrument reads vertical distance above a ...? and on landing it will read ...?
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Ground datum, zero
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When an altimeter is set to QNE, the sub scale reads ...? and the instrument shows ...?
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1013, pressure altitude
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If the temperature of a substance is +12'c, how is this expressed in 'absolute?
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Kelvin(absolute) = 273(0'c) therefore +12'c is 285 K
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Most liquid-in-glass thermometers contain...? But the grass minimum thermometer normally uses ...?
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Mercury, alcohol
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The thermistor thermometer utilises the changes in...? resistance when temperature alters.
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Electrical
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The surface air temperature is measured at height of ...?
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1.5 meters
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Solar radiation is ...? frequency ...? wave radiation containing ...?
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High frequency, short wave, ultra-violet visible light and infra red.
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Solar radiation approaching earth is subjected to...? from clouds, and ...? from particles in the atmosphere.
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Reflection, scattering
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The principle of the aneroid barometer is that the capsule expands as atmospheric pressure ....? with height.
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Decreases
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Terrestrial radiation is ...? wave ...? frequency energy because the relative temperature of the earth is ...?
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Long wave, low frequency, low
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The four constituents that have a high capacity to absorb terrestrial radiation are ...?
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Water vapour, cloud droplets, carbon dioxide and ozone
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Warming of the lower levels of the atmosphere is achieved from ...? through..? and ...?
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Below by the surface, terrestrial radiation and conduction/convection
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During the night, conduction ...? and convection ...? so that ...? of the atmosphere takes place.
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Conduction continues and convection ceases so that cooling can take place during the night.
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Surfaces which are sandy or ploughed do not heat to a great depth and cause the diurnal variation of temperature to fluctuate ...?
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Strongly
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A surface with high albedo is said to ...? solar energy ...?
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Reflect, strongly
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The diurnal variation of temperature is ...? by the wind.
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Decreased
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New Zealand has a ..? climate with the annual range of temperature between ...?
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Maritime, between 10'C and 20'C
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The three most important processes through which moisture changes can occur are...?
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Precipitation, condensation, evaporation the great
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The greatest amount of water is contained in the...?
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Ocean
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By pressure lapse rate is meant the ....? of pressure with height; it is ...? In cold air than in warm air.
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Decrease greater
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Water vapour changing to liquid water involves the...? process which requires the presence of ...?
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Condensation, condensation nuclei
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Super saturation is a condition where water vapour changes to liquid ...? than normal due to the ...? of condensation nuclei.
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Later, lack of
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When water evaporates it ...? partial vapour pressure of air and thereby it ...? atmospheric pressure.
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Adds to, increases
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The saturation vapour pressure of moist air is determined by the air's ...? in that a higher ...? will produce a ...? saturation vapour pressure.
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Temperature, temperature, higher
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When a substance changes it's state there is a demand for, or release of...? which...? alter the temperature of the substance undergoing the change.
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Latent heat, does not
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The four main factors that affect the rate of evaporation are...?
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Temperature, water content of air, wind, air pressure
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When water vapour changes it's state to ice, the process involved is...? Which...? latent heat.
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Deposition, releases
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Humidity mixing ratio is the percentage expression of the mass of...? In grammes per...? of ...?air.
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Water vapour, kilograms, dry
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Absolute humidity means the...? of water vapour per unit...? of air expressed as...? per...?
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Weight or mass, volume, grammes/m3
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Relative humidity means the ratio of the...? of water vapour in a given...? of air to the maximum...? of water vapour that the air can hold at the same...?
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Weight, volume, weight, temperature
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What is the change in height per hPa when the pressure is 400 hPa and the temperature is -24'c?
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273(kelvin)-24 = 249 x 96T = 23904. 23904/400 = 59.7 feet per hPa.
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When the air's temperature increases and moisture content remains unchanged, relative humidity will...?
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Decrease
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Dew point is the...? at which a parcelled of air...? under constant pressure.
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Temperature, saturates
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When the air temperature decreases while the moisture content remains unchanged, the relative humidity will...? and the dew point will...?
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Increase, remain the same
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List three methods at which relative humidity can be measured...?
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Wet bulb/dry bulb, hair hygrometer, lithium chloride element
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When moisture is added to the atmosphere, the density of the air...?
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Decreases
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The four forces that have a fundamental influence on the wind velocity are...????
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Pressure gradient, Coriolis force, centripetal and frictional forces
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An isobar is a line joining places of equal ...? Along side one side of any isobar pressures are ...? And the other side ..?
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Pressure, high, less
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An anti cyclone is a pressure system which has highest pressure towards the ..? And surface ...? causes air in the system to..?
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Centre, surface divergence, subside
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A depression is a pressure system which has lowest pressure towards the ...? and ...? within the system which normally causes ..?
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Centre, ascent of cooling air, causes cloudy skies
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The semi-diurnal variation of atmospheric pressure is caused mainly by daily ...? fluctuations; it shows the lowest pressure around?
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Temperature, 1600 hours
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Pressure gradient is the change in pressure per...? From high to low.
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Horizontal distance
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Pressure gradient is reflected by the gap of the..? In that the smaller the gap the stronger the..?
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Isobars, winds
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The pressure gradient always acts at...? To the isobars from the area of..? pressure to...? pressure.
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Right angles, high to low
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The term 'environment lapse rate' (ELR) means the change in ....? of ....? air at progressively higher levels.
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Temperature, rising
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The term 'environment lapse rate' (ELR) means the change in ....? of ....? air at progressively higher levels.
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Temperature, rising
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When the ELR curve shows a near vertical orientation and then a less vertical orientation at higher levels on a graph, the lower ELR is ...? and the higher ELR is ...?
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Shallow, Steep
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When the ELR shows an increase in temperature with height, there is said to be an ....? and this is also known as a ...? lapse rate.
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Inversion, Negative lapse rate
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An adiabatic process is one where heat energy ...? lost, or gained from the surroundings.
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Is not
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The term 'environment lapse rate' (ELR) means the change in ....? of ....? air at progressively higher levels.
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Temperature, rising
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When the ELR curve shows a near vertical orientation and then a less vertical orientation at higher levels on a graph, the lower ELR is ...? and the higher ELR is ...?
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Shallow, Steep
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When the ELR shows an increase in temperature with height, there is said to be an ....? and this is also known as a ...? lapse rate.
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Inversion, Negative lapse rate
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An adiabatic process is one where heat energy ...? lost, or gained from the surroundings.
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Is not
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The dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) is about ...? degrees per ...? feet of ...? moving air.
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3degrees Celsius, 1000feet, Vertically.
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The term 'environment lapse rate' (ELR) means the change in ....? of ....? air at progressively higher levels.
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Temperature, rising
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When the ELR curve shows a near vertical orientation and then a less vertical orientation at higher levels on a graph, the lower ELR is ...? and the higher ELR is ...?
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Shallow, Steep
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When the ELR shows an increase in temperature with height, there is said to be an ....? and this is also known as a ...? lapse rate.
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Inversion, Negative lapse rate
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An adiabatic process is one where heat energy ...? lost, or gained from the surroundings.
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Is not
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The dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) is about ...? degrees per ...? feet of ...? moving air.
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3degrees Celsius, 1000feet, Vertically.
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When the DALR lies below the ELR on the temperature/altitude graph, ...? air is sad to be ...?
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Dry, stable
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The term 'environment lapse rate' (ELR) means the change in ....? of ....? air at progressively higher levels.
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Temperature, rising
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When the ELR curve shows a near vertical orientation and then a less vertical orientation at higher levels on a graph, the lower ELR is ...? and the higher ELR is ...?
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Shallow, Steep
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When the ELR shows an increase in temperature with height, there is said to be an ....? and this is also known as a ...? lapse rate.
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Inversion, Negative lapse rate
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An adiabatic process is one where heat energy ...? lost, or gained from the surroundings.
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Is not
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The dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) is about ...? degrees per ...? feet of ...? moving air.
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3degrees Celsius, 1000feet, Vertically.
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When the DALR lies below the ELR on the temperature/altitude graph, ...? air is sad to be ...?
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Dry, stable
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The saturated adiabatic lapse rate (SALR) is about ...? degrees per thousand feet of ...? moving air and ...? with altitude.
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1.5 degrees, vertically, increases.
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When the SALR lies above on the temperature/altitude graph, moist air is?
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Unstable
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When rising saturated air is stable, there (will/will not) be (stratiform/cumuliform/any) cloud.
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Will, stratiform.
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When unstable rising air remains dry, there (will/will not) be (stratiform/cumulus/any) cloud.
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Will not, Any.
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When flying below the cloud base in conditions where the DALR lies above the ELR, the cloud type is most likely to be (stratiform/cumuliform) and flight conditions will most likely be (smooth/turbulent).
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Cumuliform, Turbulent.
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When flying below the cloud base in conditions where the DALR lies above the ELR, the cloud type is most likely to be (stratiform/cumuliform) and flight conditions will most likely be (smooth/turbulent).
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Cumuliform, Turbulent.
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During thermal rising of unsaturated air, the DALR must be (more/less) than the ELR.
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Less
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When thermal rising takes place and cloud develops, the base of this cloud will (rise/lower) if the dew point increases and the base will (rise/lower) if the dew point is steady bit the surface air temperature increases.
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Lower, rise.
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