Are - Site Planning And Design

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Zoning

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Uniform standards of construction. Regulates the use of land, air, light and open-space will protecting property values and protecting against other nuisances, undesirable businesses and dangers. Originated in New York City in 1916.

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Incentive zoning

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Encourages private developers to provide amenities for the public use in exchange for opportunity to build larger and taller structures on site.

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Nonconforming use

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Building is no longer permitted by the zoning order ordinance typically allowed to stay in use unless it's unsafe.

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Conditional use

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A building that is permitted in an area that it is not zoned for, to benefit the public example of an elementary school in a residential neighborhood

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Variance

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Applied for by an owner on a private site to ask to deviate from an ordinance in order to avoid hardship

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Spot zoning

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A change in the zoning ordinance for a particular area.

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Ordinance

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A municipal law.

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Setbacks

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Required open-space measured between property line and face of building. Used to preserve light, air, and spaciousness

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Building line

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Utilized by communities principally to achieve planned street patterns. They help ensure that buildings will not be erected in the bed of projected streets or a potential widening of streets.

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Easements

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Legal rights of government or another land owner to use one's property for a specific use.

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Scenic easements

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Prevents development that upsets something scenic to the public.

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Assessment

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Valuation of property for the purpose of taxes.

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Business improvement Districts

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Used to fund the public space improvements (New streetscapes/ graffiti removal) with the intention that it will enhance the area's appeal. All business owners in the district who would benefit pay the increased taxes

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Eminent Domain

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Power of the state to take private property without the owner's consent but with fair market value of land compensation. Must be use for public development (highways, roads, Civic Center), economic development, or to mandate an easement for access (public utilities, right of way)

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Deed restrictions

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Placed limitations on the use of a property, typically by original developers who determine what the land would be used for (live, work, or play) and can't be changed by future owners.

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Restrictive covenant

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Limitations and stipulations used in residential setting. Can be aesthetic (allowable color palettes, vegetation types, pruning, fencing materials) pet control (how many and or living conditions) , or storage related (visibility of parked cars, boats, campers).

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Affirmative covenant

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Commits a buyer to performing duties in the future (example will make payments for common changes in a condo)

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Conditional covenant

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If the restriction is violated or disregarded the land will revert back to original owners/ heirs.

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Right-of-way

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Right for people to cross land of another (pathways/ cattle drives)

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Cardo and Decumanus

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The two major streets in a Roman town, perpendicular

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Loop Road

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A connector distributor road into a shopping center.

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Golden section

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A Renaissance concept where the whole is divided so that the smaller part has the same relationship to the larger part as the larger part has to the whole.

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Local Road

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Low capacity roads with direct access to a site

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Collector road

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Connection roads between local and arterial streets

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Arterial road

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Wide high-capacity streets usually connecting to expressways

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Expressways

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Limited access roads with high-speed high-volume circulation

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Mothballing

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A term used in historic preservation when you designate certain areas to be repaired or restored at a later date under a later contract.

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Adaptive reuse

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Process of adapting old structures for the purpose other than those initially intended while retaining their historic features.

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Preservation

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The act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity and materials of an historic property.

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Catchment area

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A.K.A. market, trade or tributary area - A geographic area which the participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.