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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Archaeology
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The study of past peoples and cultures from the deepest prehistory to the recent past, through the analysis of material remains.
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Creationists
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In 1650 James Ussher published published his geological research does an ounce the earth was created October 23rd 4004 BCE. There was believed that the earth looked the same as when God created it
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Migration
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The movement of members of one society into a new area, sometimes by invasion.
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New archaeology or processual archaeology
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aimed at making archaeology more scientific. the study of "HOW. " and stresses the dynamic relationship between social and economic aspects of culture and the environment.
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Ethnoarchaeology.
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Aids archeologists in reconstructing ancient lifeways by studying the material and nonmaterial traditions of modern societies. Archaeology can then infer that ancient societies use the same techniques as their modern counterparts given a similar set of environmental circumstances.
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Post-processual archaeology
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Interpretive more humanistic. Greater range of interpretations. Critiques processual archaeology for not asking "WHY"
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Modern archaeology
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Blend together all approaches target ology. Approach the situation depending on the question being asked. There are multiple perspectives which, together, create a present view of the past.
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Magnetometry
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picks out minor variations and magnetism which is present in many minerals. Difficult to use when the soil has a lot of metals.
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Electrical resistivity
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Send an electric signal and registers conductivity. Look for sudden changes in conductivity it is extremely slow and labor intensive.
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Ground penetrating radar
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Detects structures by bouncing radar signals into the ground. It does not work well with high water tables.
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Matrix
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The physical medium that surrounds the the archaeological data. E. G. Soil, sand, rock, gravel, water.
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Association primary context
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Use, related, transposed.
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Association secondary context
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Use related, natural occurrences, not in original place.
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Light detection and ranging
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Used in twin engine aircraft flight about a half mile above the ground. Fires laser pulses to detect hidden sites such as Mayan temples.
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datum
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A location in 3d space that serves as a reference point for all horizontal and vertical measurements taken at site. A known point in 3d space, but it's entirely arbitrary. Usually placed at a high point.
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Lithic
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Flakes or debris left behind from the production of stone tools.
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Macro botanicals
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Includes carbonized seeds, wood, and other plant parts.
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Harris lines
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dark thin lines form on bones when there is nutritional stress between 1 to 18 years old.
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Phytoliths
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Study of silicous plant remains.
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Stratigraphy
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Uses the law of supersition (things on the lower layers are older than top layers.
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Seriation
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based on human behavior. popularity and styles change over time.
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Relative Dating
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gives age in general terms. this is older than that.
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absolute or chronometric
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gives dates in calendar years or years before present.
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Catastrophists
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Believed the earth was changing over time due to major events initiated by God.
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James Hutton
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1778- argued that the processes of nature were "equable and steady"
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Antiquarians
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collect artifacts, but not for what they tell about a culture.
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