Chapter 2 (Wheelock's Latin, 6Th Edition Revised)

Front 1

nōmen

Back 1

name

Front 2

nominative case

Back 2

indicates the subject of a finite verb, e.g.:

1. the POET is giving...

2. the GIRLS are giving...

Front 3

genitive case

Back 3

case for a noun that modifies another noun, such as for possession, e.g.:

1. the POET'S roses

2. the GIRLS' country

the meaning of the genitive can generally be ascertained by translating it with the preposition "of"

Front 4

dative case

Back 4

marks the person or thing indirectly affected by the action of the verb (most commonly the indirect object), e.g.:

1. the poet is giving the GIRL...

2. the girls are giving the poet's roses to the SAILORS

Front 5

accusative case

Back 5

indicates the direct object of the action of the verb, i.e., the person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb, e.g.:

1. the poet is giving the girl large ROSES

2. the girls are giving the poet's ROSES to the sailors

can also be used for the object of certain prepositions, such as ad, in, and post

Front 6

ad

Back 6

to

Front 7

in

Back 7

in, into, on

Front 8

post

Back 8

after, behind

Front 9

ablative case

Back 9

the case used to modify, or limit, the verb by such ideas as means ("by what"), agent ("by whom"), accompaniment ("with whom"), manner ("how"), place ("where; from which"), and time ("when or within which")

sometimes used with a preposition (ab, cum, dē, ex, in), sometimes not

can generally be associated with the English prepositions by, with, from, in, on, and at

Front 10

ab

Back 10

by, from

Front 11

cum

Back 11

with

Front 12

dē

Back 12

from

Front 13

ex

Back 13

from

Front 14

vocative case

Back 14

used to directly address a person or thing

almost always has the same form as the nominative

sometimes used with the interjection Ō

Front 15

base of porta

Back 15

port-

Front 16

base of magna

Back 16

magn-

Front 17

how to find the base of a noun

Back 17

drop the genitive ending

Front 18

first declension nominative singular ending

Back 18

-a

Front 19

first declension genitive singular ending

Back 19

-ae

Front 20

first declension dative singular ending

Back 20

-ae

Front 21

first declension accusative singular ending

Back 21

-am

Front 22

first declension ablative singular ending

Back 22

-ā

Front 23

first declension vocative singular ending

Back 23

-a

Front 24

first declension nominative plural ending

Back 24

-ae

Front 25

first declension genitive plural ending

Back 25

-ārum

Front 26

first declension dative plural ending

Back 26

-īs

Front 27

first declension accusative plural ending

Back 27

-ās

Front 28

first declension ablative plural ending

Back 28

-īs

Front 29

first declension vocative plural ending

Back 29

-ae

Front 30

gender of most first declension nouns

Back 30

feminine

Front 31

puella

Back 31

girl

Front 32

pecūnia

Back 32

money

Front 33

agricola

Back 33

farmer

Front 34

aurīga

Back 34

charioteer

Front 35

incola

Back 35

inhabitant

Front 36

pīrāta

Back 36

pirate

Front 37

adiectum

Back 37

set next to, added

Front 38

the adjective usually _______ the noun, except adjectives denoting ____ or ______, as well as ______________ (hic, ille), which normally precede the noun, as well as any adjectives the author wants to _________

Back 38

follows, size, number, demonstratives, emphasize

Front 39

hic

Back 39

this

Front 40

ille

Back 40

that

Front 41

an adjective agrees with its noun in ______, ______, and ____

Back 41

gender, number, and case

Front 42

an adjective that modifies more than one noun usually agrees in gender with...

Back 42

the nearest noun

Front 43

to explain the syntax of a given noun or adjective, you should state...

Back 43

1. its form

2. the word on which it most closely depends

3. the reason for its form (i.e., its grammatical use or function in the sentence)

Front 44

a verb must agree with its subject in ______ and ______

Back 44

person, number

Front 45

Poēta puellae magnās rosās dat.

Back 45

The poet is giving the girl large roses.

Front 46

Puellae nautīs rosās poētae dant.

Back 46

The girls are giving the poet's roses to the sailors.

Front 47

Patria puellārum sine pecūniā nōn valet.

Back 47

Without money, the girls' country is not strong.

Front 48

syntax of poēta in "Poēta puellae magnās rosās dat."

Back 48

form: nominative singular

dependence: dat

reason: subject

Front 49

syntax of puellae in "Poēta puellae magnās rosās dat."

Back 49

form: dative singular

dependence: dat

reason: indirect object

Front 50

syntax of magnās in "Poēta puellae magnās rosās dat."

Back 50

form: accusative plural

dependence: rosās

reason: modifies and agrees with noun

Front 51

syntax of puellae in "Puellae nautīs rosās poētae dant."

Back 51

form: nominative plural

dependence: dant

reason: subject

Front 52

syntax of nautīs in "Puellae nautīs rosās poētae dant."

Back 52

form: dative plural

dependence: dant

reason: indirect object

Front 53

syntax of rosās in "Puellae nautīs rosās poētae dant."

Back 53

form: accusative plural

dependence: dant

reason: direct object

Front 54

syntax of poētae in "Puellae nautīs rosās poētae dant."

Back 54

form: genitive singular

dependence: rosās

reason: possession

Front 55

syntax of pecūniā in "Patria puellārum sine pecūniā nōn valet."

Back 55

form: ablative singular

dependence: sine

reason: object of preposition

Front 56

fāma, fāmae, f.

Back 56

rumor, report; fame, reputation (famous, defame, infamy)

Front 57

fōrma, fōrmae, f.

Back 57

form, shape; beauty (formal, format, formula, formless, deform, inform, etc.; but not formic, formidable)

Front 58

fortūna, fortūnae, f.

Back 58

fortune, luck (fortunate, unfortunate)

Front 59

īra, īrae, f.

Back 59

ire, anger (irate, irascible; but not irritate)

Front 60

nauta, nautae, m.

Back 60

sailor (nautical)

Front 61

patria, patriae, f.

Back 61

fatherland, native land, (one's) country (expatriate, repatriate)

Front 62

pecūnia, -ae, f.

Back 62

money (pecuniary, impecunious; cp. peculation)

Front 63

philosophia, -ae, f.

Back 63

(Greek philosophia, love of wisdom), philosophy

Front 64

poena, -ae, f.

poenās dare

Back 64

penalty, punishment (penal, penalize, penalty, pain, subpoena)

idiom: to pay the penalty

Front 65

poēta, -ae, m.

Back 65

poet (poetry)

Front 66

porta, -ae, f.

Back 66

gate, entrance (portal, portico, porch, porthole)

Front 67

puella, -ae, f.

Back 67

rose (rosary, roseate, rosette)

Front 68

sententia, -ae, f.

Back 68

feeling, thought, opinion, vote, sentence (sententious, sentencing)

Front 69

vīta, -ae, f.

Back 69

life, mode of life (vital, vitals, vitality, vitamin, vitalize, devitalize, revitalize)

Front 70

antīqua, -ae, adj.

Back 70

ancient, old-time (antique, antiquities, antiquated, antiquarian)

Front 71

magna, -ae, adj.

Back 71

large, great; important (magnify, magnificent, magnate, magnitude, magnanimous)

Front 72

mea, -ae, adj.

Back 72

my

Front 73

multa, -ae, adj.

Back 73

much, many (multitude, multiply, multiple; multi-, a prefix as in multimillionaire)

Front 74

tua, -ae, adj.

Back 74

your, used when speaking to only one person

Front 75

et, conjunction

et . . . et

Back 75

and; even

both . . . and

Front 76

sed, conj.

Back 76

but

Front 77

Ō, interjection

Back 77

O!, Oh!, commonly used with the vocative

Front 78

sine, preposition + abl.

Back 78

without (sinecure, sans)

Front 79

est

Back 79

is

Front 80

nominative singular of porta magna

Back 80

porta magna (the/a large gate)

Front 81

genitive singular of porta magna

Back 81

portae magnae (of the large gate)

Front 82

dative singular of porta magna

Back 82

portae magnae (to/for the large gate)

Front 83

accusative singular of porta magna

Back 83

portam magnam (the large gate)

Front 84

ablative singular of porta magna

Back 84

portā magnā (by/with/from/etc. the large gate)

Front 85

vocative singular of porta magna

Back 85

porta magna (O large gate)

Front 86

nominative plural of porta magna

Back 86

portae magnae ([the] large gates)

Front 87

genitive plural of porta magna

Back 87

portārum magnārum (of the large gates)

Front 88

dative plural of porta magna

Back 88

portīs magnīs (to/for the large gates)

Front 89

accusative plural of porta magna

Back 89

portās magnās (the large gates)

Front 90

ablative plural of porta magna

Back 90

portīs magnīs (by/with/from/etc. the large gates)