Anth 322

Front 1

Reflexivity

Back 1

1. Laying the Groundwork

2. Ability to determined one's own background and cultural theories influence or differ front he ones they are studying

3. Nyamjoh describes says anthropologist often 'pay lip service to reflexivity, however it is more of a process

4. VS 'false position' that Magubane describes the colonial sociologist with-- wrongfully believed they were outside of the colonial system

Front 2

Positionality

Back 2

1. Laying the groundwork

2. Identity (gender, race, sexuality) in relation to their work. Infleucnes the question asked.

3. Nick says can't fully shed

4. Evan's PP says 'fly on wall'

Front 3

The Blind Men and the Elephant

Back 3

1. Laying the Groundwork

2. Francis B Nyamjoh's Blinded by Sight, 2012

3. Story of 3 blind anthropologist who touch an elephant and find it challenging to consolidate their experiences to define it-- like western anthropologist @ convention. What if the elephant could speak for itself.

3. The african anthropologist as the native, is there room for natives in anthropology? Yes, as seen in indigenous media-- however as a trained anthropologist they deserve recognition.

4. Co-naissance-- more of a dialogue, rather than a monologue of fieldwork and participatory observation. Create a collective account

5. Trinh Minh Ma-- 'speak nearby not about'

Front 4

Francis Nyamnjoh

Back 4

1. Laying the Groundwork

2. Blinded By Sight, 2012

3. Native anthropologist Welcome native ethnographers into anthropology to break down institutional walls

4.

5.

Front 5

The Berlin Conference

Back 5

1.Evolution and Structure Functionalism,

2. 1884

3. Formal recognition of European holdings in Africa "effective occupation"-- economic development and control. Formal beginning of african colonization.

4. Set off the scramble for africa, in order to justify invasion had to paint savage unruly image of africa. Used visual anthropology such as photos and postcards (commarffs)

5.

Front 6

The Scramble for Africa

Back 6

1. Evolutionism and Structure Functionalism

2. 20 years of 90% european control of Africa

3. Worst case--> Leopold/Belgium in the Congo

4. Fix in a evolutionist framework because when you rank culture in hierarchy, thus making africa savage, 'pre-logical,' it cues a moral imperative to "help," the "White Man's Burden" worsened by armchair anthropologist as described by Beoku-Betts uninterested men who measured civility by predisposed "degree of difference between african and i"

5.

Front 7

Evolutionism

Back 7

1. Evolutionism and Structure Functionalism

2. Anthropology that aimed at a general taxonomy of all culture, informed by armchair anthropologists, polygenesis, helped support colonial mission objectives of civilizing

Front 8

Presentism

Back 8

1. Evolutionism and Structure Functionalism

2. applying contemporary norms to historical ideas without correct historical context

3. Evolutionist for example were progressive in their belief that we may all have common ancestor

4.

Front 9

Structure Funtionalist

Back 9

1. Evolutionism and Structure Functionalism

2. interested in social stability and how they function/ uphold a society

3. symbiotic relationship with colonialism which allowed access for real field work> primarily focused on rural 'tribes'

3. EE Pritchard, Witchcraft

Front 10

Black Consciousness

Back 10

1. Pan-Africanism and Independence Movements

2. Du Bois

3. common black consciousness based on contemporary position and history

4. Critique: glosses over internal differences between african cultures (maybe for political expediency)

Front 11

Pan-Africanism

Back 11

1. Pan-Africanism and Independence Movements

2. an internal effort to unite and uplift the african people

3. Fanon-- the colonialized intellectual, relies on colonial language and techniques to rouse the african people. over simplification of African culture, 'culture is but one aspect'

Front 12

Negritude

Back 12

united by emotion

african is heart, european is head

Front 13

The Year of Africa

Back 13

1. Pan Africanism and Independence Movements

2. 1960- 17 african countries receive independence

3. the beginning of pan african movement in search of african core without european influence

Front 14

Franz Fanon

Back 14

1. Pan Africanism and Independence Movements

2. Wrote 'The Wretched Earth,' 'On National Culture'

3. The colonized intellectual- to advance you have to emulate european tradition and behavior, rejects idea of african personality

4. the liberation requires intellectual liberation

Front 15

Rhodes-Livingston Institute

Back 15

1. Theorizing Social Change

2. the use of quantative methods on individual idiosyncrasies to comprehend urban migration and the urbanized African, tribe breakdown

3. Critique: saw urbanization as inevitable immolation of western culture -->

4. Ferguson

Front 16

The Manchester School

Back 16

1. Theorizing Social Change

2. Same as Rhodes livingstone

Front 17

Max Gluckman

Back 17

1. Theorizing Social Change

2. Social change anthropologist, founder of RLI/manchester school

3. Ferguson's critique of RLI is that they lacked reflexivity

Front 18

Moi, Un Noir

Back 18

1. Theorizing Social Change

2. 1958

3. Jean Rouch

4. Depiction of life in Treichville, Ivory Coast

5. Rouch's Voice of God narration, what Trihn Min is avoiding-- strong indictment of the pervasive nature of the icons of Western culture on the African psyche

Front 19

Indirect Rule

Back 19

1. Modernity and Tradition

2. colonial strategy where they claim to embrace traditional structures- molds traditional ways of rule into "appropriate colonial fashion", as little interference as possible

3. mostly british

4. A pseudo sense of acceptance, under certain conditions

Front 20

Invented Traditions

Back 20

1. Modernity and Tradition

2. Terence Ranger

3. the notion of tribe itself is a colonial construct, arbitrary lines drawn-- based on a false reality

Front 21

V.Y. Mudimbe

Back 21

1. Tradition and Modernity

2. Africanism- western way of understanding and digesting africa that constrains and informs the way africa is represented

3. witchcraft-- believing in witchcraft makes you automatically inferior

Front 22

Syncretism

Back 22

1. Modernity and Traditions

2. Appiah's Old Gods New World

3. Attempted unification of religion, culture, schools of thoughts

4. See ontology of invisible beings

Front 23

Ontology of Invisible Beings

Back 23

1. Modernity and Tradition

2. Appiah's Old Gods New World, his critique of Evan's Pritchard

3. Religion and Witchcraft are more than just social constructs, they actually create social order

4. Stop rationalizing non-material world, it is very real in African culture, african religion is boundless

5. Contrast w/ Western Religion

Front 24

Accomadative Religion

Back 24

1. Modernity and Tradition

2. In relation to african religions that are fuild (christanity, islam and traditional african religions)

3. Big brother africa, hierarchies of religion, beliefs, more dimensions of reality

Front 25

Meta-anthropology

Back 25

1. Modernity and Tradition

2. uncovering fault and assumptions in historical ethnography that may have been internalized by africans and westerners alike.

3. Similar to africanism- predisposed, unquestioned understanding of certain discourses

Front 26

Performance Ethnography

Back 26

1. Modernity and Tradition

2. Joanne's Fabian

3. An innovation of post-colonial ethnography

4. alternative to cued questions, create situations to understand reactions

Front 27

The Nuer

Back 27

1. Anthropology after Independence

2. 1971

3. Hilary Harris and Robert Gardner

4. the same ppl studied by EEp-- ethnography of nuer life which relies heavily on cattle, initiation rite @ the end w cutting open scalps

5. english narration, limited though just to give context, later taken up my visual anthropology for that strength to reduce bias. As sensory ethnography because it cues emotional and memory responses

Front 28

~~~*its a discourse*~~~

Back 28

1. Foreign Aid and Development

2. A generally accepted way of speaking about a subject

3. Can reproduce power relations, lacking individual agency

4. ex. Africanism

5. Development as a discourse, implicit understanding that development is good but under scrutiny is really all intrinsic (e.g. perpetually failing development projects), the same hierarchies which have africa on the losing end compete action

Front 29

DevSpeak/DevThink

Back 29

1. Foreign Aid and Development

2. Ferguson's 'The Anti-Politics Machine'

3. Speak: common pool of experts with common ways of thinking, defining, speaking and addressing development problems

Think: backwards logic that development projects are the answer to development "problems"

4. Development as something the west does for the 3rd world

Front 30

The Anti-Politics Machine

Back 30

1. Foreign Aid and Development

2. James Ferguson

3. The machine of development works: development perpetuates itself by taking is as inherently good--> discourse and agency w embedded power relation supports it --> side effects (building of infrastructure, spread of beaucracy) influences continued undertaking of projects (the state benefits as entry point for state power)

Front 31

Colonial Continuties

Back 31

1. Development

2. Barbra Heron

3. sterotypes about Africa justify continued Western superiority and intervention

4.

Front 32

Right makes white

Back 32

1. Foreign aid and development

2. Barbara Heron

3. Possession of white bourgeois identity is constituted in doing whats right according to western ideals and customs

4. expected performance of goodness

Front 33

Expectations of Modernity

Back 33

1. globalization and inequality

2. James Ferguson

3. Zambian copper boom-- the promise of modernity lead to disconnection (the notion of possibility to connection with western)--> leads to a sense of "decline and despair"

Front 34

Global Flows

Back 34

1. Globalization

2. Ferguson

3. wealth doesn't actually flow, it actually hops, this disjunction has african on the oversight, losing end

Front 35

Multiple Modernities

Back 35

1. Globalization

2. Appadurai's Modernity at Large

3. modernity is simply any cultural practice in the contemporary area

Front 36

Creolization

Back 36

1. Globalization

2. Hannerz

3. a cut and mix of left over culture, a bricolage

4. ferguson- a side step of the hard questions around inequalities and disallusionments

Front 37

Un Matin de Bonheure

Back 37

1. Globalization

2. 2006

3. Story of boys who hop on plane in hope of better life for them and help for africa

4. mimicry- to call attention to global inequalities, an aspiration for membership

5. similar to nyamnjoh's desire to be including in the 'anthropology tribe'

Front 38

Strategic Traditionism

Back 38

1. Identity

2.

3. ex. headdress @ un conferences

4. especially for indigenous groups

5. can actually result in increase relations w your culture- comaroffs, giving new purpose to cultural aspects

Front 39

UN Permenenent Forum on Indigenous Issues

Back 39

?

Front 40

Ethnicity Inc.

Back 40

1. Identity

2. Comaroff's

3. using culture as ecumenic index, commidifation of culture may actually make you closer to culture, question of branding

4. example of cultural rite ceremony (koma) in Pedi, $$

Front 41

Milking the Rhino

Back 41

1. Identity

2. 2009, david simpson

3. compared two different experiences in east africa with ethno-busniess, which is the better alternative?

4. exaggerated african portrayals for western entertainment

Front 42

Mediascapes

Back 42

1. Media

2. Appadurai's

3. electronic capabilites to disseminate media

Front 43

Media Infastructures

Back 43

1. Media

2. Larkin

3. present networks used to connect transnationally-- technical infrastructure (broadband) and soft infrastructure (knowledge)

Front 44

The colonial sublime

Back 44

1. Media

2. Larkin

3. the use of technology to create an overwhelming sense of grandeur and awe in service of colonial power

4. ex battleships up and down the river

5. Ranger's invented traditions-- receptions for europeans when they came to africa, extravagant to belittle the african

Front 45

African Cinema Movement

Back 45

1. Media

2. Born out of outside (responding to african portrayals, political movements) and internal (commenting on african reality) during independence era

3. a result of increased accessibility of video making materials

4. Larkin's media infrastructures- use of technical

Front 46

Nollywood

Back 46

1. Media

2. home video, crowd pleasing portrayals of the african reality

3. compress heavy topics into friend/familiar relationships

Front 47

The Aesthetics of Outrage

Back 47

1. Media

2. Larkin

3. shock norms to provoke affect from audience, aims to stimulate mortally from audinecne

4. Sensory ethnography- evoke emotional response

Front 48

Male Daughters, Female Husbands

Back 48

1. Gender

2. Amaduime

3. Study of Igbo women-- alternate understanding of gender and sexuality, not continuous with western values

4. important to understand the gender relations each relationship

5. Beoku Betts- surprised to see women doing such strenuous work however they received income for that shifting relationships seriously

Front 49

Personal Narratives Approach

Back 49

1. Gender

2. Alternative approach to gender ethnography

3. direct transcription of female informants, illuminate day to day african women experience

4. account for informal power and internal diversity

5. N!ai vs

Front 50

N!ai

Back 50

1. Gender

2. John Marshall 1980

3. african women tells the 30 year story of her life

4. humanizing-- personal narrative approach

5. vs the hunters that have no discussion of women at all

Front 51

Auto-ethnography

Back 51

1. Gender

2 discovered and reshaping ones own identity, reporting the whole dialogue (including anthropologist), involves letting ones self go

3. Amadiume's the moth that spoke a falsehood will later speak the truth

Front 52

Trihn Mihn Ma

Back 52

1. Gender

2. woman/native/other

3. exposing implict discourses in ethnographic knowledge

4. speaking nearby and not about

5. Reassamblage

Front 53

Reassamblage

Back 53

1. Gender

2. Trihn Mihn Ma

Front 54

The Harvard Movement

Back 54

1. Visual and Sensory Ethnography

2. John Marshall, Robert Gardner, Tim Ason

3. realistic

Front 55

Shared Anthropology

Back 55

1. Visual and Sensory Ethnography

2. Subject actively involved, film explicitly address anthropologist presence,

3. ethnofiction-- recognizing that the camera is bound to change things, not real objectivity, employing narrative techniques, reflextive,

4. Nyamnjoh's part of co-prodcution

Front 56

Jean Rouch

Back 56

1. Visual and Sensory Ethnography

2. Moi, un noir

3. Treichville

4. Voice of God narration creates narrative to relate to 'reality' (ethnofiction)

5. shared anthropology's founded

Front 57

The "crisis" of representation

Back 57

1. Visual and Sensory Ethnography

2. Post colonial critique that evolved reflexivity and positionally

Front 58

Macdougalls

Back 58

1. Visual and sensory ethnography

2. 'Visual Anthropology of the particualr

3. convergence of various intellectual, emotional sensory experiences @ a particular place and time, focus on few individuals

Front 59

The Pictoral Turn

Back 59

?

Front 60

Sensory Ethnography

Back 60

1. Visual and Sensory Ethnography

2.

Front 61

The Quick

Back 61

1. Visual and Sensory Ethnography

2. MacDougall

3. a fleeting moment where evokes an emotional response from the viewer

4. body to body, sensory memories

5. example the Nuer

Front 62

Transcultural cinema

Back 62

1. Ethnographies

2. MacDougall

2. relies on paralell sensory experience between audience and viewed, where the quick occurs

Front 63

Engaged Anthropology

Back 63

1. Participatory Video

2. when social change converges anthropology and community goals

3.

Front 64

Indigenous Media

Back 64

1. PV

2. Products of indigenous groups, empower native groups

Front 65

Participatory Video

Back 65

1. PV

2. response to crisis of representation and participatory turn, reveal local dynamics and relations

3. a collaborative process through which different degrees of participation and technology where the community itself create the videos