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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do vets have such a huge impact on animal welfare? |
High Credibility Opportunities to interact and impact various audiences (clients, public, activist groups) |
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What do vets do with animals welfare? (D.E.E.E.E.D) |
Develop standards for animal care Evaluate the welfare of animals Educate clients about welfare of animals Educate stakeholdings (including public) Enforce welfare standards within voluntary or regulatory frameworks DDraft laws to protect the welfare of various species |
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In respect to animal welfare, what has the focus been on and why is this a conflict of interest? |
Health
Difficult to challenge a producers approaches when economic livelihood is based on producer engagement |
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What are 2 things that vets need to do when considering welfare? |
Have a balanced view of needs to be met and advise clients accordingly
Promote animal welfare based on science
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Define: Animal rights and Animal Welfare |
Rights: OPPOSE use of animals
Welfare: use is okay as long as its HUMANE
**welfare and rights are a continuum rather than a dichotomy** |
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When plotted on a bell curve, what are two extremists in animal welfare and animal rights? |
Left: Extremists in animal agriculture
Right: PETA/VIVA |
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Different treatments of animals that have similar attributes (mental ability, capacity to suffer) show what?
Provide an example. |
The influence of animal mythology
Person may take dog to the vet to prolong its life, load pigs for humane slaughter and set a coyote trap |
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Provide and example of the changing views of animals (dog vs wolf). |
Dog - highly valued
Wolf - arch enemy (trapped, scary, kills children, etc) |
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Provide an example on how the beliefs are changing? |
Money is being spent on... -re-establishing wolf populations -hunting whales to saving trapped ones -Animals in national parks
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Define: Animal Mythology.
How do agriculture animals clash with this? |
Fundamental popular beliefs and values regarding animals often imbedded in a cultures art and stories
Agriculture animals are viewed as commodities to be processed and traded, but disney movies give them an anthropomorphic characteristic |
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Changes in beliefs about the nature of animals is correlated with changing in our __________ about how animals are treated. |
Ethical beliefs |
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What is Human Uniqueness? (appearance, historical origin) |
Appearance: no fins, fur, wings, 2 legs
Historical Origin: biblical that humans had a special relationship with the Creator -Animals were intellectually inferior, did not rational thought, no language, no soul
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How has science eroded the historical claims on the view of animals? (3) |
Comparative Anatomy (13th century dissection theatres)
Darwin and Evolution (common ancestry)
Animal Behaviour |
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What did Goodall, Fossey, and Galdkias all have in common pertaining to animal behaviour? |
Cultural Anthropology
Animals have Unique life histories
Animals have Complex and emotional lives |
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Describe the story of Flint...
What does this show?
And what did this lead to? |
Flint was so attached to his aging mother that when she died, he stayed by her death place until he died of starvation.
Emotional attachment of chimps
Books on animal cognition, animal sign language, and illegal to capture and use chimps as crash test dummies |
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What is the altered understanding of animals? |
Rethinking of ethical conduct toward them
Having a heightened concern for animals is a reflection of a broader revision of human thinking about the nature of animals (worth) and questioning ways we treat them that were uncontroversial for decades. |
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What are the two agriculture animal mythology perspectives? |
Virtuous pastoralist
Agrarian Ideal |
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What is a Virtuous Pastoralist? |
Pastoralist societies (close to nature) Raising of domestic herds is an important economic activity Ownership of animals
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A Virtuous Pastoralist's living processions must be given appropriate care of…
Their raising and killing of animals was ______ and ______. |
Rested in green pastures, led to water, defended when in danger, nursed back to health
Legitimate and virtuous |
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What is the Agrarian Ideal? |
Rooted in american political philosophy 'Family farm' living in harmony with the land (on a moral pedestal) -Diligent animal care
(people like the 'family farm living in harmony with land and animals') |
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If the public perceives animal agriculture to theVirtuous Pastoralist or Agrarian Idea, it guarantees what? |
public trust and approval |
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What is the challenge? |
Customer's & public perception/understanding of animal agriculture -few have connection with agriculture -few understand practices -information source may be flawed (ex. lady at ag fair saying cows have no legs) |
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Perception = ??
What is the perception of animal agriculture dealing with? |
Reality
Dealing with mythology of Old McDonalds farm |
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How is the perception of agriculture changing? |
Through popular literature and media - can be negative :( |
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Characteristics of the Traditional Perception… (5) (D.I.C.C.E.) |
-Driven by ethical values -Individual control -Care for animals -Contribute to health -Environmentally positive |
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Characteristics of the new perception of animal agriculture… (5) (C.C.E.E.D) |
-Corporate control -Contributes to human illness -Exploit animals -Environmentally negative -Driven by profit
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Define animal welfare... |
-How the animal is coping with conditions (comfy, healthy, nourished, safe, innate behaviour, no pair fear or distress) -Requires vet care, disease prevention, shelter, nutrition, humane handling and slaughter
REFERS TO THE SATE OF THE ANIMAL - animal care, animal husbandry, and humane treatment |
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What are the common properties of animal welfare that can be applied across species and environments? |
-State of the animal -Ranges from very negative to positive -Assessment of welfare requires multiple facets of the animals state |
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Animal welfare encompasses physiological heath, hygiene, and comfort as well as….
What is its practical limitation? |
the mental or psychological health
Practical implication: may limit actions to improve welfare but should not impact assessment of the animals welfare |
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Unlike scientific concepts that can be quantified (temp), animal welfare involves value notions (sense of better or worse for the animal). Provide an example. |
Dog owner that values health, safety, and orderly disciplined behaviour -regular vet care, low fat food, walk on leash
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Dog owner that values feating, communal living, sharing resources, and contact with nature -burrs in coat, fed generously, never won a collar |
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The principles of humane experimental techniques were defined by? |
Russell and Burch |
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Russel and Burch had a response to lab animal concerns and defined the 3 R's as…. |
Refinement - minimize pain and stress Reduction - reduce animal use with experimental design Replacement - alternatives to animal use |
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Ruth Harrison |
'Animal Machines: the new factory Farming industry'
-Use and misuse of hormones and antibiotics -The care and handling of farm animals |
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Brambell Committee was established by the UK government to do what? |
examine conditions of livestock in intensive husbandry systems, advise if standards should be set in interest of welfare, and what the standards should be |
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What is the Brambell reports (1965)?
What did it lead to? |
-Acknowledged confinement may offer advantages -Idea that animals can suffer -Concept of behavioural needs
Led to development of animal welfare science! |
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What are the 5 freedoms? |
1.Freedom from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition 2. Freedom from discomfort 3. Freedom from pain, injury, disease 4. Freedom to express normal behaviour 5. Freedom from fear and distress |
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1.Freedom from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition
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access to fresh water and healthy diet |
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2. Freedom from discomfort
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appropriate environment with shelter and comfy rest area |
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3. Freedom from pain, injury, disease
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prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment |
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4. Freedom to express normal behaviour
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sufficient space, proper facilities, and company of animals own kind |
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5. Freedom from fear and distress |
ensure conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering |
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Benefits of the Five freedoms |
-Logical and comprehensive goal -Safeguard and improve animal welfare with framework that is acceptably humane -Worldwide |
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What do vets need to keep in mind about the five freedoms? |
ALL as fundamental for a healthy animal and assessing welfare |
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Conceptions of animal welfare - explain the 3 |
Functionality - works best for the producer (does it push biological limits?)
Feelings - how the animal feels
Natural Behaviour
**Natural behaviour and feelings importance has increased** |
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Who are the defined: -productivity? -Natural behaviour? -Feelings? |
-productivity: Curtis, McGlone -Natural behaviour: Worthington, Rollin -Feelings: Duncan |
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Compromise model for definition and use of animal welfare measures: animals in their natural environment involves what two aspects that overlap? |
-Animal and its adaptations -Environment and associated challenges |
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Conceptional model of illustrating welfare problems associated with animal adaptations and environment Alone each circle.. Green = adaptations possessed by the animal Yellow = Challenges faced by the animal in current circumstances What does the area of the green represent? |
Adaptations which no longer serve an important function |
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Example when Adaptations which no longer serve an important function.
What can this do to an animal? |
Stripes on a sebra in a zoo Motivation to forage/suck Motivation for sows to build a nest
It can: promote abnormal behaviours or develop a negative emotional state |
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What does the area of the yellow circle represent? |
Challenges for which the animals lacks corresponding adaptations |
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Examples for Challenges for which the animals lacks corresponding adaptations
What can this do to an animal? |
Pigs little avoidance to ammonia Fish lack avoidance of phenols Obesity with available diets Lack of pathogen avoidance
It can: Impair function with little evidence of avoidance or suffering until it is too late |
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What does the overlapping region represent? |
Challenges for which the animals had corresponding adaptations |
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Example for Challenges for which the animals had corresponding adaptations.
What does this provide the animal? |
Fluctuating temperature - thermoregulatory adaptations like sweating, panting, wallowing (problems still can occur depending on degree)
It provides: good relationship between feelings and function |
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What are the welfare problems of the functioning approach, the feelings approach, and natural living? (what areas are involved?) |
Functioning approach = welfare problems in yellow and overlapping -clear impact on function Feelings approach = welfare problems in green and overlapping -Little subjective experiences in yellow Natural living = welfare problems in areas green and yellow -animals adapted to overlapping
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What are the concerns of each area? |
Green: Subjective experiences concerns Yellow: biological functioning concerns Overlapping: natural living concerns |
