Williams focuses on uncovering the subject (characters), their verbs (actions), and fine tuning those into clear and cohesive stories. Williams believes that the key to clarity lies in the actions of the verbs. Williams cautions that though readers desire “flesh-and-blood characters,” a writer often must reflect upon “abstractions,” and assign them “general terms” like me, teacher, etc. Williams recants that “normalization” should never be used, and further concurs it as a necessary tool in certain situations. Williams urges that little nominalization equals minimal passive voice without avoidance.
Williams summarizes that revisions are necessary for both actions and characters. He explains that revisions for actions goes through a “three-step process” consisting of analyzation, assessment, and revisions. Williams converts characters into subjects by knowing when his subject is not in character form; where to search for his character, and