Running about ten miles daily and regular weight lifting is my everyday routine in order to maintain the body that I want…in other words, I love food so I have to work out to be able to continue to fit into my clothes. I always envied my dear friend, Jenny (I envied her in a good way) because she never exercises and cares less about what she eats. One would think that these reasons are grounds for obesity, but not in the case of Jenny. Her body is as beautiful as Jennifer Lopez’s body…even better. She never imagined the cause of her ability to maintain such a low mass body index would be due to having a disorder until she began to see a massive lump on the lower part of her neck. When she went to the doctor, she was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism
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First, the hypothalamus within the brain is what sets the thyroid gland into motion by a cascade called the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis). Neurons of the hypothalamus receive stimulatory and inhibitory synaptic input from virtually all areas of the central nervous system. When the hypothalamus senses a change in homeostasis, a hypothalmic neuron synthesizes and releases the tropic hormone called thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). TRH travels down the axon of the neuron and into the axon terminal where TRH is released. Following the release, TRH travels through the hypothalamohypophyseal portal vessels into the anterior pituitary gland where TRH binds to receptors on the endocrine cells. Once bound, stimulation of the endocrine cells causes a synthesis and release of another hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) into the blood stream. TSH targets the cells from the thyroid gland and binds to receptors that promote the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone (TH/ T3 and T4). TH travels into the blood where it is released in all parts of tissues, affecting almost every cell in the body. Thyroid hormone is lipid soluble, allowing it to cross the membrane of a target cell. TH binds inside the nucleus where it increases, decreases or maintains the cells
First, the hypothalamus within the brain is what sets the thyroid gland into motion by a cascade called the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis). Neurons of the hypothalamus receive stimulatory and inhibitory synaptic input from virtually all areas of the central nervous system. When the hypothalamus senses a change in homeostasis, a hypothalmic neuron synthesizes and releases the tropic hormone called thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). TRH travels down the axon of the neuron and into the axon terminal where TRH is released. Following the release, TRH travels through the hypothalamohypophyseal portal vessels into the anterior pituitary gland where TRH binds to receptors on the endocrine cells. Once bound, stimulation of the endocrine cells causes a synthesis and release of another hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) into the blood stream. TSH targets the cells from the thyroid gland and binds to receptors that promote the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone (TH/ T3 and T4). TH travels into the blood where it is released in all parts of tissues, affecting almost every cell in the body. Thyroid hormone is lipid soluble, allowing it to cross the membrane of a target cell. TH binds inside the nucleus where it increases, decreases or maintains the cells