Case study one
1. Principle of APTT: Platelet poor plasma (PPP) is incubated at 37 degrees Celsius then phospholipid (cephalin) and a contact activator (e.g.: Kaolin, ellagic acid) are added followed by calcium (all pre-warmed to 37 degrees Celsius). Addition of calcium initiates clotting and timing begins. The APTT measures the time required to regenerate thrombin and fibrin polymers via the intrinsic and common pathways.
Reagents:
Platelet poor plasma (PPP)
Surface activator: example; Kaolin , micronized silica, ellagic acid, celite
Phospholipid: example; cephalin- to replace platelet phospholipid
Calcium chloride: in order for coagulation to occur, calcium is needed in molar excess. Calcium is removed by chelation when blood is collected into sodium citrate and decalcification is necessary to allow coagulation to occur. …show more content…
(a) Roughly from 25% - 120%
(b) Mild hemophilia: 5% - 15% Severe hemophilia: demonstrating less than 1% of normal activity.
11. The qualitative function is affected therefore it could be due to heparin therapy, massive transfusion or vitamin k deficiency.
12. Clinical presentation would be the same. It forms clot, however there bleeding time would be abnormal.
13. (a) Hereditary factor deficiency- affects only a single factor Acquired deficiency- caused by multiple factors (b) – liver disease - Vitamin k deficiency - Disseminated intravascular coagulation - Antagonist drugs (c) Acquired deficiencies
Case study two
1. (a) There is leukocytosis characterized by lymphocytosis. Red blood cells are decreased together with hemoglobin and hematocrit.
(b) The elevation in lymphocytes is relative since it is greater than
1. Principle of APTT: Platelet poor plasma (PPP) is incubated at 37 degrees Celsius then phospholipid (cephalin) and a contact activator (e.g.: Kaolin, ellagic acid) are added followed by calcium (all pre-warmed to 37 degrees Celsius). Addition of calcium initiates clotting and timing begins. The APTT measures the time required to regenerate thrombin and fibrin polymers via the intrinsic and common pathways.
Reagents:
Platelet poor plasma (PPP)
Surface activator: example; Kaolin , micronized silica, ellagic acid, celite
Phospholipid: example; cephalin- to replace platelet phospholipid
Calcium chloride: in order for coagulation to occur, calcium is needed in molar excess. Calcium is removed by chelation when blood is collected into sodium citrate and decalcification is necessary to allow coagulation to occur. …show more content…
(a) Roughly from 25% - 120%
(b) Mild hemophilia: 5% - 15% Severe hemophilia: demonstrating less than 1% of normal activity.
11. The qualitative function is affected therefore it could be due to heparin therapy, massive transfusion or vitamin k deficiency.
12. Clinical presentation would be the same. It forms clot, however there bleeding time would be abnormal.
13. (a) Hereditary factor deficiency- affects only a single factor Acquired deficiency- caused by multiple factors (b) – liver disease - Vitamin k deficiency - Disseminated intravascular coagulation - Antagonist drugs (c) Acquired deficiencies
Case study two
1. (a) There is leukocytosis characterized by lymphocytosis. Red blood cells are decreased together with hemoglobin and hematocrit.
(b) The elevation in lymphocytes is relative since it is greater than