BACKGROUND
In the present scenario, Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah is sharing its premise with Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah (Secondary). One of the facilities both madrasahs share is the school canteen. There are 3 recess timings in Madrasah Aljunied:
1) 10.15 am – 10.45 am: Secondary 1 to 3 students from Madrasah Aljunied
2) 10.45 am – 11.15 am: O’ level and Pre-University students from Madrasah Aljunied
3) 11.15 am – 11.45 am: All students from Madrasah Al-Irsyad.
The behaviour of Madrasah Aljunied students during recess was observed. What was noticed was how most of the girls cleared up and cleaned their table after meal, while most of the boys rarely cleared up and cleaned their table, even though they had the knowledge that Madrasah Al-Irsyad …show more content…
Kohlberg’s (1985) theory of moral development provided the main theoretical foundation in this investigation.
Referring to Theories of Development by W.C. Crain (1985), Kohlberg believed that children undergo six stages of moral development. Kohlberg hypothesized that there are three main levels of moral development; each level consists of two stages.
The three main levels are pre-conventional level, where moral values are a fixed set of rules that are laid down and followed by rewards or punishment; conventional level, where rules are accepted just to gain the approval of others or out of obedience to a figure of authority; and post-conventional level, where the individual is able to reason morally without following the values and norms defined by society. These levels are further divided into six stages. The six stages are:
Pre-conventional …show more content…
People find it difficult to change their accustomed behavior.” It comes to an understanding that the students’ attitude towards cleanliness in the school canteen may be influence by their habitual behaviour in environments which are similar to the school canteen, which may possibly be fast food restaurant, hawker centre, food centre and the students’ home. To gain an insight on the influence of habitual behaviour on the students’ attitude, Skinner’s (1953) theory on Operant Conditioning is being adopted.
Referring to Science and Human Behaviour by B.F. Skinner (1953), Skinner hypothesised that behaviours that are reinforced will tend to continue, while behaviours that are punished will eventually end. Skinner also believed that a behaviour can be modified through the use of positive reinforcement in the form of a stimulus that is appetitive and rewarding; negative reinforcement in the form of an unpleasant stimulus which influence the individual to engage a behaviour that is used a form of escape from the negative reinforcement; positive punishment or simply punishment in the form of unpleasant stimulus that prevent an individual to engage in a certain behaviour; and negative reinforcement in the form of removal of pleasant behaviour in order to prevent an individual to engage in a certain behaviour. This process of introducing or removal of stimulus to modify behaviour was coined by Skinner as Operant
In the present scenario, Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah is sharing its premise with Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah (Secondary). One of the facilities both madrasahs share is the school canteen. There are 3 recess timings in Madrasah Aljunied:
1) 10.15 am – 10.45 am: Secondary 1 to 3 students from Madrasah Aljunied
2) 10.45 am – 11.15 am: O’ level and Pre-University students from Madrasah Aljunied
3) 11.15 am – 11.45 am: All students from Madrasah Al-Irsyad.
The behaviour of Madrasah Aljunied students during recess was observed. What was noticed was how most of the girls cleared up and cleaned their table after meal, while most of the boys rarely cleared up and cleaned their table, even though they had the knowledge that Madrasah Al-Irsyad …show more content…
Kohlberg’s (1985) theory of moral development provided the main theoretical foundation in this investigation.
Referring to Theories of Development by W.C. Crain (1985), Kohlberg believed that children undergo six stages of moral development. Kohlberg hypothesized that there are three main levels of moral development; each level consists of two stages.
The three main levels are pre-conventional level, where moral values are a fixed set of rules that are laid down and followed by rewards or punishment; conventional level, where rules are accepted just to gain the approval of others or out of obedience to a figure of authority; and post-conventional level, where the individual is able to reason morally without following the values and norms defined by society. These levels are further divided into six stages. The six stages are:
Pre-conventional …show more content…
People find it difficult to change their accustomed behavior.” It comes to an understanding that the students’ attitude towards cleanliness in the school canteen may be influence by their habitual behaviour in environments which are similar to the school canteen, which may possibly be fast food restaurant, hawker centre, food centre and the students’ home. To gain an insight on the influence of habitual behaviour on the students’ attitude, Skinner’s (1953) theory on Operant Conditioning is being adopted.
Referring to Science and Human Behaviour by B.F. Skinner (1953), Skinner hypothesised that behaviours that are reinforced will tend to continue, while behaviours that are punished will eventually end. Skinner also believed that a behaviour can be modified through the use of positive reinforcement in the form of a stimulus that is appetitive and rewarding; negative reinforcement in the form of an unpleasant stimulus which influence the individual to engage a behaviour that is used a form of escape from the negative reinforcement; positive punishment or simply punishment in the form of unpleasant stimulus that prevent an individual to engage in a certain behaviour; and negative reinforcement in the form of removal of pleasant behaviour in order to prevent an individual to engage in a certain behaviour. This process of introducing or removal of stimulus to modify behaviour was coined by Skinner as Operant