Greek Architecture Research Paper

Improved Essays
Charles Booth
Professor Warner
Greek Roman Humanities
11-25-2014

Golden Age Architecture of Greece

The Second half of the 5th century B.C. was the Golden Age of Greece. During this time frame some of the most beautiful art and architecture were created. This was due to the minds of the scholars that lived during this age. It was also during this period that geometry and its Golden Ratio inspired many brilliant minds to craft some of the most fascinating artifacts in existence today, and with these new algorithmic ideals to work with, many of the structures that still stand today are an example of these engineering wonders. The Golden Ratio was used to create many architectural, and artistic wonders of Greece, and it has also been
…show more content…
Three architects “Ictinus, Callicrates, and Phidias” built the Parthenon. These architects applied mathematical principles to create the “perfect” building. These principles today are known as the Golden Ratio or Phi. The Parthenon was a tremendous example Greek ingenuity and proportion. Scholars are still stunned by the logical and harmonious ratios that the building and its various parts display. This exquisite beauty was achieved using a dynamic rectangle. Like many Greek temples of its time, the Parthenon used the “root five rectangle,” a rectangle with an irrational side, the square root of 5. The surrounding pillars were an example of "number" applied: 8 pillars in front, an even number, as Pythagoras had advised, so no central posts would block the view; but 17 pillars on each side, where it was all right to have an odd number (Diggins). Some of the lines on the Parthenon were deliberately curved and slanted. This created an optical illusion that distorted the viewer into seeing pure perfection, working in favor with the ideal of the Golden …show more content…
If you look at the length and the width of the painting itself, you’ll see that it is a Golden Rectangle. Looking at the painting a little more in depth you’ll also notice that Mona Lisa’s face also fits into a rectangle (from top of forehead to base of chin, and from cheek to cheek.). Divide that rectangle and you can see that it meets in her eyes(horizontal divider). Also if you look the body area of the painting, you will notice that it can be divided from the neck to below the hands. This will give you three rectangles as well. (Golden

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    Elgin Marbles

    • 2526 Words
    • 11 Pages

    These sculptures were symbolic of Greece’s political and cultural history. The decorations along the walls of the Parthenon “portrayed the victories of Greek gods and heroes over their enemies, symbolizing the victory of civilization over barbarism. The sculptures displayed the citizens of Athens as being close to the gods, which to an Athenian citizen of the time, signified the glorification of all of Greece’s people” (Reppas, 3). The 92 metopes that decorated the Parthenon depicted many of the themes of Greek history as well as important figures like Olympian gods and scenes from Greek mythology. The statue of Athena inside the Parthenon is the most important sculpture in the entire temple.…

    • 2526 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Dbq Ancient Greece

    • 146 Words
    • 1 Pages

    The ancient Greek civilization had two memorable and influential achievements, one of which was architectural and the other political. As seen in the Parthenon, the Greeks were unbelievable architects, and one of the most important inventions, if not the most important invention, was the column (document 2). The column can be seen on many Greek structures including manors, government buildings and other buildings. Columns augmented the Greeks capability of building structures. Another achievement of the ancient Greeks was the ideology of a democracy.…

    • 146 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Greek Culture Dbq

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages

    For example, Myron created a famous marble sculpture of The Discus Thrower at an Olympic event (Document 8). Greek artists increasingly applied mathematical ratios to attain aesthetic beauty, movement, and emotion that remain unparalleled today, and Greek mathematicians had other significant roles as…

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Certain aspects of The Parthenon had to be built larger than customary to accommodate the massive statue of Athena it was to house. Since The Parthenon, like all Greek temples, was designed to be viewed from the outside only, special attention was given to the size and position of the columns making those on the outside fractionally larger than those on the interior to offset the difference in appearance of the center columns against the static background of the stone versus those on the outside against the horizon. The Parthenon, while not the largest temple in Greece, is notable because so many classical…

    • 510 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Filippo Brunelleschi

    • 1381 Words
    • 6 Pages

    At the time of construction of the dome, there was yet to be a unifying measurement unit and this made dispersion of knowledge of how to built a certain type of structure difficult. The Greeks had invented three architectural orders, these were precise mathematical ratios and rules to follow when building, after the Greeks, the Romans then adopted these orders and refined them (King 26). Brunelleschi appears to have been fascinated by Roman architecture—in particular the Pantheon—and studied the orders when trying to build a dome that nobody knew how to build (King 26). Notably, this helps demonstrate that technology can be spread by means of the technology and processes from past architecture; in this case the Greek and Roman buildings. All things considered, it also enforces that the importance and popularity of using mathematical ratios in construction seem to have spread and been captured in a variety of cultures; e.g. Florence,…

    • 1381 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    It often stood on the hill of a city and consisted of an enclosure surrounded by columns covered by a gable roof. The Greek temple is holding a rectangular structure. The conception of space inside the Parthenon is a fully symmetric space. The Parthenon has no conception of experiential or functional interior space, only used to locate within the conception of the gods.…

    • 813 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Ancient Greece Moving onward, I would like to discuss the ancient Greeks contribution to Western civilization, seeing as how crucial their presence in history has been. Their achievements in art, philosophy, history, and science all helped to shape the growth of society as we know it. Many of these cultural aspects began with Greece’s Golden Age. It was a time of peace and cultural prosperity, and it was the time which most of Greece’s contributions to Western civilization originated. The general aspect of philosophy, democracy, and architecture all began with the ancient Greeks.…

    • 564 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In order to represent wealth, culture, and power, the Parthenon is the most copied building in the world. The U.S. Supreme Court building is an example of architects taking inspiration from the Parthenon in order to physically convey its importance. Since its construction, the Parthenon has been used as a temple, converted to a church and then a mosque. In the 19th Century C.E. the Parthenon was looted for its sculptures and in the 20th Century, tragic restoration took place. Restorative architects in the 1900s put metal braces, that began to rust and cause damage, in between blocks and placed blocks in the wrong places.…

    • 959 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Along with Parthenon, many other temples were built honoring King’s and goddesses which as a whole made up Acropolis the world renowned temple complex. During the classical age, it was also the age of drama. They created plays and tragedies written by people like Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. They were meaningful, funny and sad but the importance is that they stand as references to fifth century events. The Greeks were the first people to believe they could learn from past mistakes, creating “history.”…

    • 605 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In the center of Athens, the temple of their patron goddess Athena stands proudly on the acropolis, its massive marble form imposing awe upon all who behold it. Doric columns over 30ft high surround the rectangular base and support a ceiling that protects a statue almost as beautiful as it’s likeness. At one time, the Parthenon would have been described precisely this way. Even though time has long since done away with its wooden roof and the exquisite statue of Athena, its looming columns still reach toward the sprawling Athenian sky. To get an idea of this ancient marvel in its prime, one may journey to an unlikely place for such classic culture:…

    • 1569 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Parthenon Research Paper

    • 565 Words
    • 3 Pages

    As an example of its unique design, Iktinos, the main architect, designed the Parthenon with no straight lines. The numerous columns subtly bowed in the center, making the temple more visually attractive. This is just one example of the Parthenon’s individuality, but it had many other features that set it apart from other buildings of the time. Structurally and stylistically, it was incredibly unique, and it inspired the construction of numerous subsequent…

    • 565 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Parthenon Research Paper

    • 1004 Words
    • 4 Pages

    It wasn’t known whether the building was entirely completed or the status when it was destroyed. It was then dedicated to Athena. In its original design as the temple of Athena Parthenos, the temple held a ratio of 9:4, which controlled the proportions, the spacing, and the height of the various features that make up the Parthenon. The picture is a drawing of the original layout (2).…

    • 1004 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Greek and Romans were two contrasting civilizations that both valued Architecture but approached it and used it differently from one another. Ancient Greek architects strove for precision, beauty and excellence which hallmarked Greek Art in general. They paid very much attention in ensuring many of their buildings mirrored one another. This obviously meant the Greeks were under strict rule to when it came to designing their mammoth structures. There precision in ensuring that buildings were replications of one another eventually erected rules of the required width the pillar should be and the consideration of the height of these soaring pillars.…

    • 1060 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Greek and Roman empires has written their names in golden words in the world history and has brought huge legacy to humanity and they inspire almost of the world in one aspect or the other. The Parthenon and the Pantheon are two examples that portray how mighty those cultures were, with skillful artisans and avant-gardist thinker. Consider how the style and function (use) of each building serves as a typical example of its culture. The Parthenon was built 447-438 BC, by Iktinos, Kalikrates (diffen.com, n.d.) and present the cultural style and live of the Greek empire by that time.…

    • 772 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    As mentioned before, Iktinos was also a supreme mathematician and that’s why behind the building lies amazing mathematical concepts and symmetry. The Parthenon was built on extremely precise dimensions according to the law of geometry. Not until about 300 BC was the golden ratio documented in “Elements” by Euclid. However, the use of golden ratio can almost be found everywhere in the Parthenon. The height of the columns perfectly satisfy the golden ratio with the structural beam on top of the columns.…

    • 1559 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays