Adler’s theory of birth order mainly focuses on the dynamic of only children, first-borns, second-borns, youngest children, and only children, but she also does have some research on multiples and adopted children. She took each of these children and describes them by their characteristics, struggles, and likely outcomes. Adler says that the position of a person’s birth order has an impact on their personality development throughout childhood and into adulthood. Adler describes the youngest-born children as the ‘pet’ of the family and can potentially be dependent on caretakers as they have the tendency to be “babied”. They are said to develop at a fast pace and surpass the other children. They tend to be high achievers throughout life. Though most of Adler’s theory focused on strictly birth order, she also studied the unique family dynamic of twins and adopted children. Adler found that parents of adopted children may try to compensate for the loss of their birth parents by paying more attention to them and making sure they feel accepted and loved. In regards to multiples, Alder concluded that both usually struggle with identity problems as an individual and that one, usually the ‘older’, is considered stronger or more active. All of these traits …show more content…
Psychoanalytic Social Theory says that social and cultural condition, especially those during childhood, have a strong impact on the later personality. Horney agreed with Freud that early childhood traumas are important but also gave a strong emphasis on social factors. Horney defined Basic Anxiety as a pervasive feeling of loneliness and helplessness. She provided four self-protective mechanisms against anxiety – securing affection, attaining power, being submissive, and withdrawing. She also discovered the correlation between neurotic needs and trends. Neurotic needs are irrational defenses that become a permanent part of personality. Neurotic trends are categories of behaviors and attitudes toward oneself and others that express a person’s needs. Throughout all Randall’s life, he had very bad anxiety. Thankfully, Randall’s adopted father, Jack, was able to calm him down almost instantly whenever he would get worked up. I think this speaks a lot to the relationship that Jack build with Randall. In regards to Horney’s self-protective mechanisms, Randall definitely used the securing affection mechanism to counter his anxiety. He was constantly seeking affection from everyone around him including his brother, Kevin, who did not treat him kindly and his biological father, William, when he met him and did not owe him