Dental Caries is the most common chronic disease which presents globally in children (Gussy et al., 2006) and is predominantly diet related (Selwitz et al., 2007).Caries initiates as a white spot lesion and if untreated can result in destruction of the crown of the tooth (Ramos et al., 2012). In the last fifteen years, the detection and non-invasive treatment of early carious lesions became a topic of interest in caries research (Ismail et al., 2013). Fluoride is currently proven and in use in the treatment of early carious lesions (Biesbrock et al., 2001;Marinho et al,. 2003), however it is not without its disadvantages. Fluoride is heavily reliant on the availability of phosphate and calcium ions in the saliva to remineralize the tooth structure
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Recently, studies have proven the anticarious effect is due to a substance called casein phosphopeptide (Prestes et al., 2013). Casein Phosphopeptides contain the amino acid sequence Ser-ser-ser-glu-glu and form casein nanoclusters with amorphous casein phosphate (ACP) (Farooq et al., 2012), providing a reservoir of phosphate and calcium thus sustaining the constant supply of these ions to the intraoral environment (Cochrane & Reynolds 2012). According to Reynolds et al., 2003, CPP-ACP has the ability to remineralize demineralized lesions, (Iijima et al,.2004) and can bind to plaque in the mouth resulting in a deposit of ACP on the tooth(Reynolds et al,. 1995);(Rose., 2000).
This remineralized enamel then has been thought to be somewhat more acid resistant in comparison with tooth enamel which has not been remineralized by CPP ACP (Yengopal, V., & Mickenautsch, S. 2009).CPP-ACP can prevent integration of streptococcus and streptococcus sobrinus into the plaque biofilm (Rose, 2000), and can interfere with the normal reproduction of the bacteria due to the calcium saturation
Recently, studies have proven the anticarious effect is due to a substance called casein phosphopeptide (Prestes et al., 2013). Casein Phosphopeptides contain the amino acid sequence Ser-ser-ser-glu-glu and form casein nanoclusters with amorphous casein phosphate (ACP) (Farooq et al., 2012), providing a reservoir of phosphate and calcium thus sustaining the constant supply of these ions to the intraoral environment (Cochrane & Reynolds 2012). According to Reynolds et al., 2003, CPP-ACP has the ability to remineralize demineralized lesions, (Iijima et al,.2004) and can bind to plaque in the mouth resulting in a deposit of ACP on the tooth(Reynolds et al,. 1995);(Rose., 2000).
This remineralized enamel then has been thought to be somewhat more acid resistant in comparison with tooth enamel which has not been remineralized by CPP ACP (Yengopal, V., & Mickenautsch, S. 2009).CPP-ACP can prevent integration of streptococcus and streptococcus sobrinus into the plaque biofilm (Rose, 2000), and can interfere with the normal reproduction of the bacteria due to the calcium saturation