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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mammalian Brain
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cerebrum (large part of brain), cerebellum, spinal cord, medulla oblongata,pons, pituitary gland, olfactory bulb, optic chiasma, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
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Mammalian nerves
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cranial nerves:
-olfactory (olfactory bulbs) -optic (optic chiasma) -oculomotor (near midline, beyond optic chiasma) pig: -vagus nerve (near esophagus) -brachial plexus (bundle of nerves in armpit) |
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Spinal cord
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white matter, grey matter, central canal, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, ventral root, meninges (outer membranes covering brain)
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Axial Skeleton:
skull |
mandible, maxilla, frontal, zygomatic, temporal, parietal, occipital
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Axial Skeleton:
vertebral column |
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal
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Axial Skeleton:
rib cage |
ribs, sternum
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Appendicular skeleton:
pectoral girdle and limbs |
scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
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Appendicular Skeleton:
Pelvic girdle |
ilium, ischium, pubis
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Appendicular Skeleton:
lower limbs |
os coxae, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, calcaneous (heel), tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
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Excretory system
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kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
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Male reproductive system
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testis, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, bulbourethral gland, penis
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Adult male path of urine
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kidney> ureter> urinary bladder> urethera> penis
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Adult male path of sperm
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testes> epididymis> vas deferens> urethra> penis
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Female reproductive system
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uterus (uterine body, uterine horn), ovary, oviduct, vagina, urogenital sinus
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Adult female path of urine
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kidney> ureter> urinary bladder> urethra> urogenital sinus
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Adult female path of egg (ovary to uterus)
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ovary> oviduct> uterine horn> uterine body
*fertilization of the egg takes place in the oviduct |
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Circulatory system
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heart:
-left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle venous system: -postcava (caudal vena cava), precava (cranial vena cava), pulmonary veins, coronary vein, subclavian veins, axillary veins, external jugular veins, internal jugular veins, external iliac veins, renal veins, umbilical vein arterial system: -aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary arteries, coronary artery, brachiocephalic trunk, subclavian arteries, axillary arteries, common carotid arteries, external iliac arteries, renal arteries, umbilical arteries |
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Adult blood path (right atrium to kidney to right atrium)
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right atrium> right ventricle> pulmonary trunk> pulmonary artery> lungs> pulmonary veins> left atrium> left ventricle> aorta> renal artery> kidney> renal vein> vena cava> right atrium
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foramen ovale
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opening (hole) in the septum between the left and right atria that allows blood passing into the right atrium to be channeled into the left atrium and away from the lungs, sends oxygen-rich blood to the body
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ductus arteriosus
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connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta that channels blood into the aorta, allows oxygen-rich blood to bypass lungs
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ductus venosus
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connects umbilical vein to vena cava in liver, deliver oxygen-rich blood from placenta to fetal heart
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Human heart
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left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, aortic arch, aorta, precava, postcava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, semilunar valves (at base of aorta & at base of pulmonary trunk), tricuspid valve (between right atrium & right ventricle), bicuspid valve (between left atrium & left ventricle)
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Oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
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left atrium: oxygenated
right atrium: deoxygenated left ventricle: oxygenated right ventricle: deoxygenated aortic arch & aorta: oxygenated precava & postcava: deoxygenated pulmonary trunk: deoxygenated pulmonary arteries: deoxygenated pulmonary veins: oxygenated |
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Fetal pig external anatomy
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external nares, vibrassae (whiskers), umbilical cord, anus, mammary papillae, urogenital opening
female: genital papilla male: scrotal sacs (scrotum) |
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What external features allow you to determine the sex of the fetal pig?
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Female: urogenital opening ventral to the anus at the base of the tail, genital papilla
Male: scrotum, urogenital opening near umbilical cord |
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Oral cavity
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teeth, hard palate, soft palate, glottis (opening to trachea), epiglottis (flap that covers glottis), tongue, papillae
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Digestive system
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liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ilium), large intestine (spiral colon, descending colon), cecum, rectum, anus
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neck, throacic region, abominal region
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thymus, trachea, larynx, esophagus, thyroid gland, diaphragm, lungs, bronchi, heart, peritoneal cavity, peritoneum, pleural cavity, pleura, pericardium
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Phylum Echinodermata
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Class Crinoidea
-sea lilies, feather stars Class Ophiuroidea -brittle stars, basket stars Class Echinoidea -sand dollars, sea urchins Class Holothuroidea -sea cucumbers Class Asteroidea -sea stars, sun stars |
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What is Aristotle's lantern? Which class of animals would it be found?
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5-part mouth region of sea urchins
Class Echinoidea |
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Phylum Echinodermata
Class Asteroidea |
external:
-oral vs aboral -arms, central disk, madreporite, pedicellariae, dermal branchiae, spines, tube feet, ambulacral grooves internal: -cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, stone canal, ring canal, digestive glands, gonads, ambulacral ridges, ampullae |
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distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Chordata
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notochord
dorsal nerve cord postanal tail pharynx endostyle |
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Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Chephalochordata Genus Branchiostoma (amphioxus/lancelet) |
myomeres, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, rostrum, velum, pharynx, gill bars, gill slits, oral cirri, oral hood, wheel organ, atriopore, hepatic cecum, intestine, anus, postanal tail
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Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Chephalochordata Genus Branchiostoma (amphioxus/lancelet) cross section |
dorsal fin, dorsal nerve cord, notochord, myomeres, atrium, pharynx, gill bars, hepatic cecum, ovary (female) or testis (male)
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Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata (Tunicata) (ascidian larva) |
notochord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail
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Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata (lamprey larva/ ammocoete) |
notochord, dorsal nerve cord, postanal tail
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Phylum Arthropoda
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Subphylum Trilobita
Subphylum Chelicerata -Class Merestomata (horseshoe crab) -Class Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites) Subphylum Myriapoda -Class Chilopoda (centipede) -Class Diplopoda (millipede) Subphylum Crustacea (isopod, sow bug, barnacle, crab, krill, shrimp, lobster, cray fish) Subphylum Hexapoda -Class Insecta |
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Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea Class Malacostraca cray fish anatomy |
external:
-cephalothorax, abdomen, rostrum, compound eyes, antennas, antennules, chelipeds, walking legs, swimmerettes (male: copulatory swimmerettes), uropods, telson internal: -gills, heart, ostia, digestive gland, intestine, stomach, gastric mill, green gland, brain, circumesophageal nerves |
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Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda Class Insecta Genus Romalea grasshopper external anatomy |
head, thorax, abdomen, antennae, compound eyes, ocelli, pronotum, forewing, hindwing, spiracles, ovipositor, coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, tarsal claw
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Grasshopper mouthparts
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labrum, mandible, maxilla, maxillary palp, labium, labial palps
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Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida |
cephalothroax, abdomen, chelicerae, pedipalps
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Subphylum Myriapoda
Chilopoda vs Diplopoda |
Centipedes:
-1 pair walking legs per segment -2 antennae and 2 fangs Millipedes: -2 pairs walking legs per segment -2 antennae, no fangs |
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Arthropoda Body structure
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Antennae, Appendages, Mouthparts, Tagmata, Walking Legs
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Phylum Mollusca
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Class Polyplacophora (chitons)
Class Scaphopoda (tooth/tusk shells) Class Gastropoda (snails, nudibranchs, slugs, abalone) Class Bivalvia (clams oysters, mussels, scallops) Class Cephalopoda (squid, octopuses, nautiluses) |
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Phylum Mollusca
Class Cephalopoda squid anatomy |
mantle, fins, tentacles, arms, eyes, funnel (siphon), beak, mouth, funnel retractor muscles, ctenidia (gills), ink sac, systemic heart, branchial hearts (top of ctenidia),
male: cecum, testes female: ovary, nidamental glands, accessory nidamental glands |
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Phylum Annelida
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-Class Polychaeta (sandworms, clam worms, tubeworms, fanworms, scaleworms, lug worms)
-Class Oligochaeta (earthworms, angleworms, blackworms) -Class Hirudinida (Hirudinea= leeches) |
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Phylum Annelida
Class Polychaeta Genus Nereis |
parapodia, prostomium, peristomium, tentacles, palps. eyes, pharynx, jaws
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Nereis parapodium
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parapodium, notopodium, peuropodium, setae, aciculae
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Define "parapodium" & indicate which class would you find one.
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"para-"= other, "-podia"= appendages
Class Polychaeta |
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Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta Genus Lumbricus earthworm cross section |
cuticle, epidermis, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, coelom, intestine, typhosole, dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, ventral nerve cord, nephridium
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Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta Genus Lumbricus earthworm anatomy |
segments, clitellum, mouth, prostomium, anus, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, hearts, dorsal blood vessel, seminal vesicles, seminal receptacles, nephridia, ventral blood vessel, ventral nerve cord
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Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata |
Class Myxini
-hagfish Class Amphibia -frog, salamander, caecilians Class Reptilia -crocodile, lizard, snake, turtle Class Mammalia -mammals, rodents Class Aves -birds Class Actinopterigii -ray-finned fishes (perch) Class Sarcopterigii -lobe-finned fish (lungfish) Class Petromyzontida -lampreys Class Chondrichthyes -cartilaginous fishes (shark, rays) |
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Small intestine
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Duodenum (beginning)
Jejunum (middle) Ileum (end, closest to large intestine) |
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Body cavities
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Peritoneal cavity
- gut cavity - lined with peritoneum Pleural cavity - lung cavity - line with pleura Pericardium - heart cavity - lined with pericardium - heart takes up most of cavity |