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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Primary function of the respiratory system: |
Absorption of O2 and excretion of CO2 (Gas Exchange) |
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External respiration: |
Gas Exchange between tissue, cells, and systemic capillary blood. |
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The respiratory system includes: |
Upper airways,chest wall,respiratory muscles, lower airways,pulmonary blood vessels,support nerves, and lymphatics |
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Respiratory system also: |
Humidifies and warms inspired air while removing inhaled contaminants and filtering out chemicals. |
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Conducting airways are: |
Necessary for ventilation but no gas exchange happens here. |
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Conducting airways: also know as |
Anatomical dead space. Does not participate in gas exchange. |
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Upper Respiratory Tract (URT) |
Starts at the nose and extends to the trachea. |
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URT is composed of |
Nasal cavity,sinuses,oral cavity,pharynx and larynx. |
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Functions of the upper airways |
Passageway for gas flow, filter, heater,humidification, smell and taste, phonation, protects the lower airway. |
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Nasal cavity: |
Vestibules contain gross hairs working as a filter, concha, olfactory cells, surface fluid |
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Concha or turbinates |
3 shelf like bones projecting from the lateral walls. Function-increased surface area for filtering,warming and humidifying inhaled gases |
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Sinuses |
4sets- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary Function-reduces weight of head,strengthen the skull and modify voice |
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Pharynx 3types |
Nasopharynx-nasal cavity to uvula Oropharynx-uvula to tip of epiglottis Laryngopharynx-epiglottis to larynx |
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Patent |
Open |
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Sniff position |
To open the airway to facilitate artificial airway insertion |
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Lower respiratory tract |
Everything distal to the larynx |
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Airway walls |
Mucsoa-inner Submucosa- middle Adventitia- outer |
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Cilia |
Tiny hair like structures that help propel mucus toward the pharynx |
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Can cause damage to cilia |
Smoke, oxygen without humidity *They can grow back |
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Trachea (windpipe) |
Extends from below the cricoid to sternal angle |
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Size of trachea |
11-13cm long 1.5-2.5cm in diameter Height and gender can make a difference in size Divides into R and L main stem bronchi Right is longer than left |
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Right bronchus |
Branches at about a 25° angle |
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Left bronchus |
Branches at a 40-60° angle |
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Aspiration is more common in |
The right bronchus |
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Terminal bronchioles |
Smallest airway |
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Right lung has |
3 lobes |
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Left lung has |
2 lobes |
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Alveoli |
Primary function is gas exchange 15-20 grape like clusters at the end of terminal bronchioles Manufacture surfactant |
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Alveolar epithelium |
Two cells types Type1 squamous pneumocyte-95% alveolar surface major site of gas exchange Type2 granular pneumocyte-5% primary source of surfactant |
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Pores of kohn |
Permit gas to move between alveoli |