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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ASTM
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American society for testing materials; A nonprofit organization that develops and establishes test methods for materials, products, systems, and services.
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BAST
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Woody material such as flax, hemp, jute, or ramie obtained from inner cortex of the bark.
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BICOMPONENT FIBERS
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The combining of two polymers of different chemical or physical properties similar compounds into one filament and extruding them through the same spinneret.
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BOLL
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The seed pod of the cotton plant. The seeds vary in number and are covered with staple fibers.
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CABLE
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A yarn made with a cable twist as in an S/Z/S or Z/S/Z.
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CHENILLE
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French for “caterpillar”. A soft tufted cotton, silk, or worsted yarn.
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CORD
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The result of twisting together ply yarns in a third twisting process
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DENIER
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An international numbering system for describing linear densities of silk and manufactured filament.
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EPA
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Environmental protection agency – A government agency responsible for control and abatement of pollution of air and water by solid waste, pesticides, and radioactive and toxic substances.
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FILAMENT
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A fiber of extreme or indefinite length. The length permits a yarn to be made with little or no twist.
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LINERS
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Lengths of fibrous plant tissue.
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LOFT
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The quality of rebound or springiness in a natural or manufactured yarn.
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MULTIFILAMENT
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Manufactured filaments composed of many fine fibers.
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NAP
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Protruding fiber ends from the surface of one or both sides of a fabric, giving a fuzzy appearance and produced by brushing and elevating the fibers.
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PLY
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A yarn formed by twisting together two or more single yarns in one operation.
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POLYMERS
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Substances created by the reaction of two or more monomers (simple molecular compounds) that have reactive groups allowing them to join, forming long, chain-like molecules.
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REGENERATED FIBERS
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Fibers that are chemically processed from cellulose using, for example, wood chips.
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RETTING
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Process of separating bast fibers from the natural gum and wooden matter of plant stalk.
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SERCIN
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Gum produced by the silk worm’s gland.
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SINGLE
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A continuous strand of yarn.
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SLUB
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An uneven, elongated, and somewhat thick section of a yarn considered a flaw in some fabrics such as finished satin but valued for adding texture in other fabrics.
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SPINNERET
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A nozzle with 1 to more than 1,000 holes, through which manufactured fiber material is forced, then appears as a coagulated strand. The holes are usually from 0.002 to 0.005 inch in diameter.
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STAPLE
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Short fibers, Staple fibers require spinning and twisting to create a yarn. In manufactured fibers, staple fibers are cut in lengths from about 1 inch to 1 ½ inches from the extruded material.
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SYNTHETIC
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A term applied to any manufactured fiber other than rayon, acetate, or regenerated protein (azlon) fiber.
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THERMOPLASTIC
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The capability of a yarn or filament to be softened with heat after it has hardened and cooled.
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THROWING
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The process of making a twisted yarn from reeled silk or adding an additional twist into manufactured filament.
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WICKING
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The drawing up and transfer of liquid in fibers or filaments through capillary action.
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