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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Olfactory sensation
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Smell
Receptors of sup. nasal cavity on either side of nasal septum Olfactory cells Olfactory hairs Sustentacular cells Olfactory (bowmans) gland Basal cells |
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Special senses
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Olfactory sensation
Gustatory sensation Visual sensation |
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Olfactory cells
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Bipolar
distal end forms "1" dendrite = the termination of the bipolar olfactory cell |
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Olfactory hairs
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6-8 cilia that arise from the dendrite
site of olfactory transduction |
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Sustentacular (supporting) cells
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For physical support, nourishment, electrical insulation
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Olfactory (bowmans) gland
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Produce mucus
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Basal cells
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Produce new olfactory receptors cells (live "1" month +) is unique because olfactory receptors are neurons - and mature neurons are not usually replaces!
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Gustatory sensation
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Sense of taste
Receptors occur on some types of papillae only Circumvallate or vallate Fungiform Filiform Gustatory cells Gustatory hairs Sustentacular (supporting) cells Basal cells Taste pore |
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Structure of taste bud
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Gustatory cells
Gustatory hairs Sustentacular (supporting) cells Basal cells Taste pore |
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Circumvallate or vallate
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Large, circular, v-shape back of tongue
all have taste buds |
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Fungiform
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Mushroom shaped
tip and sides of tongue most have taste buds |
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Filiform
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Pointed
anterior 2/3 of tongue rarely have taster buds |
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Gustatory cells
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4-20 per capsule
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Gustatory hairs
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"1" per cell
project through taste pore |
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Sustentacular (supporting) cells
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Specialized epithelial cells
help form wall of capsule |
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Basal cells
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Give rise to new gustatory cells and supporting cells
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Taste pore
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Pore at top of receptor
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Visual sensation
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Sense of vision
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Accessory structures of visual sensation
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Eyebrows
Eyelids (palpebrae) Palpebral fissure Lacrimal caruncle Tarsal plate Conjuctiva Eyelashes |
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Palpebral fissure
(structure) |
Medial canthus
Lateral canthus |
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Palpebral fissure
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visual part of eye
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Tarsal plate
(structure) |
tarsal (meibomian) glands
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Medial canthus
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Also called medial "commissure"
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Lateral canthus
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Also called lateral "commissure"
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Eyebrows
Eyelids |
Keeps thing out of eyes
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Lacrimal caruncle
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Reddish elebation near medial commisssure
have oil (sebaceous) glands |
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Tarsal plate
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Thick layer conn. tissue that supports lids
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Tarsal (meibomian) glands
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Modified sebacceous glds.
in grooves in tarsal plate keep lids from sticking together |
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Conjuntiva
(structure) |
Palpebral portion
Bulbar (ocular)portion |
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Eyelashes
(structure) |
Sebacceous ciliary glands (glands of zeis)
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Palpebral portion
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lines inner surface of eyelids
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Bulbar (ocular)portion
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lines eyeball
is continuous with palpebral portion |
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Sebacceous ciliary glands (glands of zeis)
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keep eyelashes moist
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Lacrimal apparatus
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Produce tears (lacrimal secretion) and drain them away
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Lacrimal gland
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Superior and lateral to each eye
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Excretory lacrimal ducts
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small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands
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Puncta lacrimalia
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Also called "lacrimal points"
tears pass medially over the ant. surface of the eyeball to enter two small openings |
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Lacrimal canals
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A duct
one on each eyelid, beginning at the puntum at the medial margin of an eyelid, conveying tears medially into the nasolacrimal sac |
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Lacrimal sac
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either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands
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Nasolacrimal duct
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Carries secretion into nasal cavity just inf. to inf. nasal concha
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Lacrimal secretion(tears)
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Watery, clear, salts, some mucous
moistens and lubricates |
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Lysosome
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A natural bacterial enzyme
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Structure of eyeball
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Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic Iris Retina Ant. cavity Post. (vitreous) cavity Lens Lens fibers |
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Fibrous tunic
(structure) |
Sclera
Cornea scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm) |
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Vascular tunic
(structure) |
Choroid coat
Ciliary body Ciliary muscle Ciliary processes |
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Iris
(structure) |
Pupil
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Retina
(structure) |
Inner layer of nervous tissue (visual portion)
Outer pigmented layer (nonvisual portion) Ends at ora serrata Macula lutea Central fovea Optic disc |
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Fibrous tunic
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outer coat
superficial coat of the eyeball, made up of the posterior sclera and the anterior cornea. |
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Sclera
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White of eye
post. and lateral side of fibrous coat. |
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Cornea
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Ant. part of sclera
non-vascular and transparent |
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Sclera venous sinus (canal of sclemm)
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junction of the cornea and sclera is an opening called _____ ______ _______.
aqueous humor gets drained into this sinus. |
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Vascular tunic (uvea)
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middle coat of eyeball
composed of the choroid, ciliary body, and the iris. |
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Choroid coat
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Post. part
vascular dark brown pigment absorbs light lines sclera penetrated by optic nerve |
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Ciliary body
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for ora serrata to point near sclerocarneal junction
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Ciliary muscle
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Alters shape of lens to accommodate for near and far vision
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Ciliary processes
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Folds of ciliary body
helps secret aqeuous humor - has choroid |
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Iris
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colored part of eye
circular and long. muscles alter diameter of pupil |
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Pupil
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Hole in iris
allows for light penetration where light passes through |
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Retina
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Innermost layer of eyeball
lines post. three quarters of eyeball beginning of visual pathway |
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Inner layer of nervous tissue (visual portion) of retina
consists of 3 zones of neurons |
Photoreceptor neurons (cells)
Bipolar neurons Ganglionic neurons |
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Photoreceptor neurons (cells)
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rods and cones
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Bipolar neurons
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path of light - passes through ganglionic neurons
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Ganglionic neurons
(retina) |
first, then bipolar neurons, and then photorecptors
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Rods
(retina) |
Black and white vision
dim light sharp movement abs. macula-foves esp. at periphery of eye |
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Cones
(retina) |
Color vision
bright light sharp vision acuity esp. fovea centralis "C" = center; color |
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ora serrata
(retina) |
where the retina ends
the irr. margin of retina lying int. and slightly post. to the junction of choroid and ciliary body |
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Macula lutea
(retina) |
plaque that lines the structure of the retina
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Central fovea
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A depression of the muscula lutea of the retina, containing cones only and lacking blood vessels
the area of highest visual acuity (sharpness of vision) |
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Optic disc (blind spot)
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Origin of optic nerve
(blind spot) |
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Anterior cavity
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Ant. to lens of eye
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Ant. chamber
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Behind cornea and in front of iris
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Post. chamber
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Behind iris and in front of suspensory ligaments (zonules) and lens
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Choroid plexuses
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Modified capillaries
in ciliary processes of ciliary body produces aqueous humor that moves from post. chamber to ant. chamber |
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Aqeuous humor
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fluid in eyeball
Similiar in composition to c.s.f. |
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Scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)
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Site where aqueous humor absorbs back into blood
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Posterior cavity (vitreous chamber)
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post. to lens of eye
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Anterior cavity of eye
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Scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)
Aqeuous humor Choroid plexuses Post. chamber Ant. chamber |
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Post. cavity (vitreous chamber)
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Post. to lens of eye
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Post. cavity (vitreous chamber)
(structure) |
Vitreous body (gel or humor)
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Vitreous body (gel or humor)
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gel-like substance that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.
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Lens
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Held in place by suspensory ligaments
shape changes to focus image on retina avascular |
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Lens
(structure) |
Lens capsule
Lens epithelium |
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Lens capsule
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Of clear conn. tissue
attaches to suspensory ligaments |
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Lens epithelium
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Of simple cuboidal
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Lens fibers
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Of proteins called "crytallins" arranged in circular layers like onion
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Afferent pathway to brain
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Light source
Pigmented layer of retina Rods and cones - photoreceptor cells or neurons Bipolar neurons Ganglionic neurons Optic nerve Crossing of fibers in optic chiasma Optic tracts Thalamus Visual center in occipital lobes |
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External ear
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auricle
ext. aud. canal eardrum (tympanic membrane) |
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Auricle (pinna)
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a flap of elastic cartilage shaled like the flared end of a trumpet and covered by skin.
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External auditory canal
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a curved tube about 2.5 cm long that lies in the temporal bone and leads from the auricle to the eardrum.
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Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
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a thin semitransparent partition btwn. the ext. aud. canal and middle ear
covered by epidermis and lined by simple cuboidal. |
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Middle ear
(structure) |
Auditory (estachian) tube
Auditory ossicles Oval window Round window Secondary tympanic membrane Muscles and ligaments of ear cavity |
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Internal (inner) ear or labyrinth
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complicated series of canals
innermost part of the ear |
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Internal (inner) ear or labyrinth
(structure) |
Bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth |
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Cochlea
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a coil
The part of the internal ear that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, is conical, and is placed almost horizontally anterior to the vestibule. |
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Modiolus
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center of cochlea
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Vestibule
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the oval central portion of the bony labyrinth.
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Semicirular canals (bony)
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Projecting sup. and post. from the vestibule
lie at right angles named anterior, posterior, and lateral |
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Ampullae of semicircular canals
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a swollen enlargement of each canal
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Perilymph
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sim. to cerebrospinal fluid
The fluid which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the chambers in which the labyrinth lies |
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Membranous labyrinth
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inner portion
a series of sacs and tubes inside the bony labyrinth and having the same general form. lined by epithelium contains endolymph |
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Bony labyrinth
(structure) |
Cochlea
Modiolus Vestibule Semicirular canals (bony) Ampullae of semicircular canals Perilymph |
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Auditory (estachian) tube
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Runs from the middle ear cavity to pharynx
helps equalize air pressure |
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Auditory ossicles
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3 smallest bones in body
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Auditory ossicles
(structure) |
Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirup) |
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Malleus (hammer)
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attaches to surface of inf. part of the eardrum
articulates with body of incus. |
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Incus (anvil)
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Middle bone in series
articulates with the head of stapes |
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Stapes (stirup)
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base of the footplate fits into the oval window
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Oval window
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fenestra vestibuli
has base plate of stapes |
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Round window
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fenestra cochleae
has second tympanic membrane directly below the oval window |
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Secondary tympanic membrane
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In round window
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Membranous labyrinth
(structure |
Cochlear duct
Utricle and saccule Semicircular ducts or membranous semicircular canals Ampulae of semicircular ducts Endolymph |
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Cochlear duct
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3rd channel
Spiral tube in the bony canal of the cochlea, lying on its outer wall between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. |
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Utricle and saccule
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A little sac, or bag in membranous labyrinth of inner ear
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Semicircular ducts or membranous semicircular canals
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portion of the membranous labyrinth that lie inside the bony semicircular canals.
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Ampullae of semicircular ducts
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sac-like duct
A nearly spherical enlargement of one end of each of the three semicircular ducts, anterior, posterior, and lateral, where they connect with the utricle. |
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Endolymph
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The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear.
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