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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
19th Century Europe
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna? |
• “Balance of power” doctrine
• Restoration of monarchies • New political map of Europe • New political philosophies (liberalism, conservatism) |
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19th Century Europe
What was the legacy of Napoleon? |
Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination
• Napoleonic Code • Awakened feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism |
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19th Century Europe
The ____ __ ____ attempted to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests. |
Congress of Vienna
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19th Century Europe
Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe under French domination was - |
unsuccessful
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16th-18th Century
What improved technologies and institutions were important to European economies? |
Technologies
• All-weather roads improved year- round transport and trade. • New designs in farm tools increased productivity (agricultural revolution). • Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport. |
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19th Century Europe
What was the powerful legacy for world history left by the French Revolution: |
secular society, nationalism, and democratic ideas
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16th-18th Century
A new form of literature that evolved during the Enlightenment was - |
the novel (e.g. Cervantes’ Don Quixote)
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16th-18th Century
Enlightenment paintings depicted classical subjects, public events: |
natural scenes, and living people (portraits).
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16th-18th Century
Name a Novelist of the Enlightenment |
Miguel de Cervantes
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16th-18th Century
Name a philosopher of the Enlightenment |
Voltaire
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16th-18th Century
Name a painter of the Enlightenment |
Eugène Delacroix—Painter
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16th-18th Century
Name two Enlightenment composers |
Johann Sebastian Bach— Composer
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart--Composer |
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16th-18th Century
Inventions and innovations in technology stimulated trade and transportation during: |
the Age of Reason
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16th-18th Century
The Enlightenment artists borrowed heavily from classical ____ and ____ . |
Greece and Rome
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16th-18th Century
The Enlightenment brought a new emphasis on ____ and ____ in the arts as artists borrowed heavily from classical Greece and Rome |
order and balance
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16th-18th Century
How did the French and American Revolutions influence Latin American independence movements? |
• Independence came to French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies
• Toussaint L’Ouverture—Haiti • Simon Bolivar—South America |
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16th-18th Century
The French Revolution resulted in: |
• End of the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI
• Rise of Napoleon |
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16th-18th Century
Name two events of the French Revolution |
• Storming of the Bastille
• Reign of Terror |
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16th-18th Century
Name two causes of the French Revolution |
• Influence of Enlightenment ideas
• Influence of the American Revolution |
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16th-18th Century
These ideas and examples of the American and French Revolutions influenced the people of ___ ___ to establish independent nations. |
Latin America
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16th-18th Century
The ideas of the Enlightenment and French participation in the American Revolution influenced the French people to view their government in new ways. As a result, the French: |
overthrew the absolute monarchy, and a new government was established.
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16th-18th Century
What are two American documents that incorporated Enlightenment ideas? |
Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence
The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights |
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16th-18th Century
Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in: |
the Americas and France
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16th-18th Century
Name the Enlightenment thinker: —Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state |
Voltaire
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16th-18th Century
Name the Enlightenment thinker and work: —Government is a contract between rulers and the people. |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract
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16th-18th Century
Name the Enlightenment thinker and work: —The best form of government includes a separation of powers. |
Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws
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16th-18th Century
Name the Enlightenment thinker and work: —People are sovereign; monarchs are not chosen by God. |
John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government
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16th-18th Century
Name the Enlightenment thinker and work: —The state must have central authority to manage behavior … |
Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan
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16th-18th Century
Who were some Enlightenment thinkers? |
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau Voltaire |
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16th-18th Century
The Enlightenment fueled ___ __ around the world. |
democratic revolutions
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16th-18th Century
The Enlightenment stimulated religious -- |
tolerance
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16th-18th Century
The Enlightenment applied reason to the ____ world, not just the _____ world |
human natural
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16th-18th Century
Enlightenment ideas influenced the ____ and the writing of the ___. |
American Revolution
Declaration of Independence |
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16th-18th Century
Enlightenment thinkers believed that human progress was possible through the application of ___ ____ and ___ to issues of law and government. |
scientific knowledge and reason
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16th-18th Century
How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the development of the rights of Englishmen? |
Development of the rights of Englishmen
• Oliver Cromwell and the execution of Charles I • The restoration of Charles II • Development of political parties/factions • Glorious Revolution (William and Mary) • Increase of parliamentary power over royal power • English Bill of Rights of 1689 |
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16th-18th Century
Further development of the rights of Englishmen was prompted by - |
the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution
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16th-18th Century
The foundations of English freedoms included-- |
the consent of the governed
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16th-18th Century
Peter the Great was an absolute monarch in ___, and was known for:- |
Russia – westernization of Russia
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16th-18th Century
Frederick the Great was an absolute monarch in ___, and was known for:- |
Prussia, --- emphasis on military power
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16th-18th Century
Louis XIV was an absolute monarch in ___, and was known for:- |
France,-- Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power
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16th-18th Century
What were some of the characteristics of absolute monarchies? |
Centralization of power
Concept of divine right |
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16th-18th Century
The Age of Absolutism takes its name from a series of European monarchs who - |
increased the power of their central governments.
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16th-18th Century
What monarchies did the Age of Absolutism include? |
monarchies of Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and Peter the Great.
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16th-18th Century
When was the Age of Absolutism? |
16th, 17th, 18th centuries
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16th-18th Century
What was the importance of the scientific revolution? |
The emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature
The formulation of the scientific method The expansion of scientific knowledge |
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16th-18th Century
William Harvey discovered - |
circulation of the blood
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16th-18th Century
Isaac Newton discovered |
the Laws of Gravity
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16th-18th Century
Galileo Galilei used the telescope to support - |
the heliocentric theory
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16th-18th Century
Johannes Kepler discovered - |
planetary motion
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16th-18th Century
Nicolaus Copernicus developed - |
the heliocentric theory
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16th-18th Century
Name some of the pioneers of the scientific revolution? |
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton William Harvey |
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16th-18th Century
With its emphasis on reasoned observation and systematic measurement, the ____ ____ changed the way people viewed the world and their place in it. |
scientific revolution
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After 1500 A.D.
During the Commercial Revolution, a new economic system emerged. |
– New money and banking systems were created.
– Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved. – Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country. |
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After 1500 A.D.
During the Commercial Revolution, European maritime nations competed for- |
overseas markets, colonies, and resources.
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After 1500 A.D.
Mercantilism was based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of - |
the mother country
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After 1500 A.D.
An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient; |
Mercantilism
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After 1500 A.D.
Japan adopted a policy of ____ to limit foreign influences. |
isolation
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After 1500 A.D.
How was Japan ruled after 1500AD? |
A powerless emperor – ruled by military leader (shogun)
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After 1500 A.D.
There was an increasing European demand for these Chinese goods - |
tea and porcelain
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After 1500 A.D.
How did the Chinese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? |
• Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade
• Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade |
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After 1500 A.D.
Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing ___ ____on the Indian sub-continent. |
Coastal ports
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After 1500 A.D.
What were the contributions of Mughal rulers? |
• Spread of Islam into India
• Art and architecture—Taj Mahal • Arrival of European trading outposts • Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry |
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After 1500 A.D.
Descendants of the Mongols, the Muslim _______ rulers established an empire in northern_____. |
Mughal (Mogul)-- India
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After 1500 A.D.
The Ottoman Empire traded - |
coffee and ceramics
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After 1500 A.D.
During the Ottoman Empire, the ___ religion was a unifying force that accepted other religions. |
Islamic
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After 1500 A.D.
The capital of the Ottoman Empire at Constantinople was renamed - |
Istanbul
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After 1500 A.D.
To where did the Ottoman Empire expand? |
• Southwest Asia
• Southeastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula • North Africa |
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After 1500 A.D.
What was the original location of the Ottoman Empire? |
Asia Minor
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Around 1500 A.D.
The Ottomans brought under their rule- |
much of Muslim territory in Southwest Asia and North Africa
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After 1500 A.D.
The _______ Empire emerged as a political and economic power following the conquest of Constantinople. |
Ottoman
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After 1500 A.D.
What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas? |
• Gold and silver (exported to Europe and Asia)
• Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas • Impact on Spain and international trade need better answer |
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Around 1500 A.D.
What was the triangular trade? |
The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded. The European nations exported precious metals from the Americas.
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Around 1500 A.D.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas: |
destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment
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Around 1500 A.D.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange • Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of: |
African slaves
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Around 1500 A.D.
The most important result of the Columbian Exchange is that European ____ like ____ killed many American Indians. |
diseases like smallpox
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Around 1500 A.D.
As the result of the Columbian Exchange, European ____ and ___ changed the lifestyles of American Indians |
horses and cattle
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Around 1500 A.D.
As the result of the Columbian Exchange, agricultural products such as ___, ___, and ____ from the Western Hemisphere changed European lifestyles. |
corn, potatoes, and tobacco
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Around 1500 A.D.
What does Columbian Exchange mean? |
describes the worldwide redistribution of plants, animals, and diseases that resulted from the initial contacts between Europeans and American Indians.
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Around 1500 A.D.
European expansion in Asia led to : |
• Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)
• Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British) |
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Around 1500 A.D.
European expansion in Africa led to trade in: |
slaves, gold and other products
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Around 1500 A.D.
The effect of European expansion in Africa was European ___ ___ along the coast. |
trading posts
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Around 1500 A.D.
In the Americas, the colonies imitated the culture and social patterns of their : |
parent country
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Around 1500 A.D.
A legacy of Spanish expansion in Latin America is a ____ ___ system and ___ rule. |
rigid class system
dictatorial rule |
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Around 1500 A.D.
One effect of the Spanish overseas expansion was the demise of these three Indian empires. |
Aztec, Maya, and Inca Empires
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Around 1500 A.D.
One motive for exploration was to spread the ______ religion. |
Christian
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Around 1500 A.D.
Who were some important explorers you are expected to know about for this test? I plan to make a card for each of the explorers but haven't done it yet. |
• Portugal—Vasco da Gama
• Spain—Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan • England—Francis Drake • France—Jacques Cartier |
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were the factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere? |
• Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe
• Support for the diffusion of Christianity • Political and economic competition between European empires • Innovations in navigational arts (European and Islamic origins) • Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator |
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Around 1500 A.D.
With the loss of _______ in 1453, European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new _______ routes for trade. |
Constantinople
maritime (sea) |
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Around 1500 A.D.
In 1500, the expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in: |
Asia
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Around 1500 A.D.
What was the role of the printing press during the Reformation in the spread of new ideas? |
Promoted literacy
\ Helped spread the ideas of the Reformation - the doctrines of Luther, Calvin, and others, more quickly. |
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Around 1500 A.D.
The Reformation led to growth of: s_____________ i_____________ r__________ t_________ |
secularism, individualism, and religious tolerance
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Around 1500 A.D.
What was the impact of the Reformation on Western civilization? |
At first the Reformation divided the countries of Europe on religious principles, leading to religious intolerance. But, gradually religious toleration emerged, along with democratic thought.
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Around 1500 A.D.
Describe the Catholic Counter Reformation |
• Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms and reasserted its authority.
• Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. • Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine. |
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Around 1500 A.D.
The printing press revolutionized the publishing industry by mass producing books. This caused ___ to spread. |
literacy
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Around 1500 A.D.
Gutenberg's invention of the ___ ___ in 1450 was one of the most important events of the period. |
printing press
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Around 1500 A.D.
Describe the Reformation in France. |
• Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked).
• Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict. |
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Around 1500 A.D.
Describe the Reformation in England. |
• Anglican Church became a national church throughout the British Isles under Elizabeth I.
• The Reformation contributed to the rise of capitalism. |
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Around 1500 A.D.
Describe the Reformation in Germany. |
• Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending authority of the Pope in their states.
• The Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church. • Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War). |
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were the beliefs of Henry VIII? |
King Henry VIII (the Anglican tradition)
• Views—Dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome • Actions—Divorced; broke with Rome; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England |
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were the beliefs of John Calvin? |
Believed in predestination - the belief that God had determined in advance who would be "saved" and who would be "damned". Faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic
Calvinism spread through northern Europe |
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were the Ninety-Five Theses? |
In 1517, Luther nailed his 95 Theses to a church door. They criticized the sale of indulgences and other church abuses.
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were the beliefs of Martin Luther? |
Martin Luther (the Lutheran tradition)
Opposed sale if indulgences - believed salvation would come by faith alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, all humans equal before God |
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Around 1500 A.D.
The Reformation began as a rebellion against certain practices of the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences. What are "indulgences"? |
The Catholic church revenue by selling indulgences - a substitution for punishment for sin. People could essentially "buy their way into heaven", or so they thought
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were the problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity? Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome |
• Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury.
• German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church. • The Church’s great political power and wealth caused conflict. • Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict. |
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Around 1500 A.D.
For centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little competition in religious thought and action. The resistance of the church to change led to: |
the Protestant Reformation
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Around 1500 A.D.
In what areas were scientific advancements made and exchanged along trade routes? |
Scientific transfer—Medicine, astronomy, mathematics
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were some of the technological and scientific advancements made in India and the Middle East and exchanged along trade routes? |
Textiles, numeral system (India and Middle East)
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were some of the technological and scientific advancements made in China and exchanged along trade routes? |
Paper, compass, silk, porcelain
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Around 1500 A.D.
There were five major world religions. Where was Buddhism located? |
East and Southeast Asia
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Around 1500 A.D.
There were five major world religions. Where was Hinduism located? |
India and part of Southeast Asia
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Around 1500 A.D.
There were five major world religions. Where was Islam located? |
Parts of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe
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Around 1500 A.D.
There were five major world religions. Where was Christianity located? |
Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East
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Around 1500 A.D.
There were five major world religions. Where was Judaism located? |
Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East
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Around 1500 A.D.
What were the world’s five major religions? |
Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism
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Around 1500 A.D.
What is "humanism"? |
The chief intellectual movement of the Renaissance. Emphasized secular (not religious) concerns and education.
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Around 1500 A.D.
Renaissance humanist: |
Erasmus
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Around 1500 A.D.
Renaissance playwright: |
Shakespeare
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Around 1500 A.D.
Two Renaissance artists: |
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo |
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Around 1500 A.D.
Where was the Renaissance? |
It spread from the Italian city states in southern Europe to northern Europe
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Around 1500 A.D.
Renaissance artists and sculptors depicted the human form more ____ and subjects were shown in realistic settings like ____ . |
realistically
landscapes |
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Around 1500 A.D.
The Renaissance marked the beginnings of modern science and an increasingly ____ (worldly as opposed to religious) society. |
secular
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Around 1500 A.D.
The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of ___ influence in the arts, architecture and literature. |
classical (ancient Greek and Roman)
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Around 1500 A.D.
The Renaissance lasted from 1350 to 1600. When was the height of the Renaissance? |
The 1500s
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Around 1500 A.D.
What does Renaissance mean? |
"Rebirth" -- of classical knowledge, "birth" of the modern world.
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Around 1500 A.D.
New intellectual and artistic ideas that developed during the Renaissance marked the beginning of: |
the modern world
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