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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Traditional Family
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a group of people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption, live together, are an economic unit, and bear and raise children
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New Def. of Family
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relationships in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to teh group
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Family of Orientation
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family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.
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Family of Procreation
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family a person forms by having or adopting children
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Extended Family
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composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household
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Monogamy
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only form of marriage sanctioned by law in the United States; Establishes a system of descent so kinship can be determined
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Partilineal Descent
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system of tracing descent through teh father's side of the family
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Matrilineal Descent
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system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family- women may not control property
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Bilateral Descent
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system of tracing descent through both teh mother's and father's sides of the family
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Patriarchal Family
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authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father)
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Matriarchal Family
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authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother)
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Egalitarian Family
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both partners share power and authority equally
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Patrilocal Residence
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custom of a married couple living in teh same household (or community) as the husband's family
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Matrilocal Residence
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custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wives parents
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Neolocal Residence
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custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents
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Endogamy
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marrying within ones own group
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Homogamy
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pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, religious background, age, education, and/or social class
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Exogamy
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practice of marrying outside one's own social group or category
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Four Functions of Family
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Functionalist Perspective
1. Sexual regulation 2. socialization 3. Economic and psychological support for members 4. provision of social status and reputation |
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Conflict Perspective on Family
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Families in capitalist economies are similar to workers in a factory: women are dominated at home the same way workers are dominated in factories
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How doe we choose marriage partners in the US?
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Romance
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Cohabilitation
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couple that lives together without being married: two stage process 1. individual marriage 2. parental marriage
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Outcomes for teen mothers
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-less skilled at parenting
-less likely to complete high school -few economic and social supports beyound their families -severely limited economic opportunites -high likelihood of living in poverty |
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Single Parent Households
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-poor academic achievement
-higher school absenteeism -early marriage and parenthood -higher rate of divorce -more alcohol and drug abuse problems |
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Serial Monogamy
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the likeligood of divorce increases with each marriage
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Microlevel Causes of Divorce
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-marriage at an early age - short acquaintances before marriages - disapproval by friends and relatives - limited economic resources and low wages - high school education or less - parents who are divorced or have unhappy marriages - presence of children at the beginning of the marriage
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Blended Families
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a husband and wife, chidren from previous marriages, and any children from teh new marriage
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Education
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social institution responsible for the ststematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure
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Manifest Functions
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indended: socialization, transmission of culture, social control, social placement, and change and innovation
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Latent Functions
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unintended: keeps young people out of the job market, social networking, and generation gap
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Dysfunctions on Education
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bad things: does not promote high level thinking, limited academic demands
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Cultural Capital in Education
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Conflict Perspective: social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes and competencies in language and culture
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Tracking
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social placement; the assignment of students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores, previous grades, or both
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
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unsubstantiated belief or prediction that results in behavior that makes the originally false belief come true
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Community Colleges Advances
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low cost - minority students - local populations - faculty attention
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Functional Illiteracy
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the inability to read or write at the skill level necessary for carrying out everyday tasks
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Health
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
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Illness
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something that interferes with health
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4 ways Society Affects Health
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1. cultural patterns define health 2. cultural standards of health change over time 3. a society's technology affects people's health 4. social inequality affects people's health
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Age - Chronic Illnesses
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demographic factor; long term and develop gradually or are present from birth
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Age - Acute Illnesses
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demographic factor; younger people: strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death
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Sex Demographic Factors
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women live longer than men because of gender roles
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The Flexnor Report
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model of medical education; catalyst to modern medical education; why white men dominate
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Direct Fee System
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a medical care system in which parients pay directly for the services of doctors and hospitals; in US
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Medicare
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health insurance of elderly
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Medicaid
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health insurance for disadvantaged
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Universal Health Care System
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Canada: all citizens receive medical care paid for by tax revenues
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Socialized Medicine
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Great Britain: a health care system in which the government owns the medical care facilities and employs the physicians
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Sick Role
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Functionalist: set of patterned expectations that define the norms and values appropriate for individuals who are sick and for those who interact with them
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4 Characteristics of the Sick Role
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1. illness cannot be deliberate
2. person is exempted form responsibilities 3. person must want to get well 4. must seek competent help from a medical professional |
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Medical Industrial Complex
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rely exclusively on local doctors and hospitals as well as global health-related industries such as insurance companies and pharmaceutical and medical supply companies that deliver health care today
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Medicalization
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the proces whereby nonmedical pronlem become defined and treated as illness or disorders
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Demography
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examines population size, compostion and distribution
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3 Processes Involved in Population Changes
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Fertility, Mortality, and Migration
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Fertility
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the actual level of childbearing ability for an individual or a population
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Fecundity
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the potential number of children who could be born if every woman reproduced at her maximum biological capacity
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Crude Birth RAte
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number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
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Infant Mortality Rate
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the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year
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Life Expectancy
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an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year
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Immigration
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the movement of people into a geographic area
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Emigration
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movement of people out of an area
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Pull factors for Migration
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examples include freedom of religion and economy; voluntary migration
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Push Factors for Migration
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examples include war, famine; involuntary migration
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Sex Ratio
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the number of males for every 100 females in a given population
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Population Pyramid
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a graphic representation of the distribution of the population by sex and age; US - barrel shaped
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Malthusian Perspective
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teh population, if unchecked, will exceed the available food suppy; to keep this from happening, we need to exercise preventative checks
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Demographic Transition Theory
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the process by which some societies have moved from high birth rates and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development
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4 Stages of Economic Development
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1. preindustrial 2. early industrialization 3. advanced industrialization and urbanization 4. post industrialization
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Urbanization
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the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than rural areas
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Human Ecology
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the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment
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Burgess' Concentric Zone Model
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looks like a jawbreaker. everything expands in a circular movement
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Hoyt's Sector Model
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city evolved around rivers, railroads, interstates
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Harris and Ullman's Multiple Nuclei Model
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everything clustered together
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Major Themes Found in Political Economy Models
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both economic and political factors affect urban growth and decline - urban space has both an exchange value and a use value - both structures and agency are important in understanding how urban development takes place
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Simmel on City Life
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blase attitude and overstimulated
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