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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What sections are in a Research paper?
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1) Abstract
2) Introduction 3) Method 4) Results 5) Discussion |
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What is in the Abstract?
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- Reader's Digest
- Condensed format - Order of the paper - Single paragraph - 120 words |
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What is in the Introduction?
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- Justify your study
- Introduce the research question - Summarize the research done, lit. review - State your hypthesis |
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What is in the Discussion?
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- Interpert your results
- Possible explanations for your results - Limitations - Generalize your results |
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What are the two domains of ethical responsibility?
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-Truthfulness/Integrity
-Humane treatment of participants |
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What is a confound?
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1) varies systematically w/ the IV
2) influences the DV in a way similar to the way the IV is expected to |
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What are the 3 types of confounds?
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1) Operational
2) Person 3) Procedural |
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What is Operational Confounds?
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When a manipulation designed to manipulate one construct manipulates another one as well.
EX: Giving positive feedbacke increases self-esteem along with happiness. Threatens construct validity |
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What is Person Confounds?
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When individual differences co-vary with the IV and are related to the DV.
Threatens internal validity |
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What is Procedural Confounds?
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An unitentional manipuations of 2 or more things at once.
EX: Crowded, Uncrowded; This room, other room. Threatens internal validity |
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What is the Implcit Association Test?
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Designed to tap automatic assiociations btwn concepts and attributes(e.g., male:science, female:liberal arts)
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What is included in a true experiment?
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-Eliminate confounds
-Allow observation of the invisible -Provide information about interactions -Minimize noise |
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What is interaction information?
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The effect of one variable depends on teh level of the other variable
EX: State depentent learning |
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What is noise and what is its advantages and disadvantages?
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Noise is random variation that exists in all conditions of an experiment
Dis- Harder to find differences among conditions of an experiment Ad- experiment is more lifelike, i.e. less artificial |
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What is a "Pseudo" experiment?
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It is missing the control group
Subject-->IV-->DV One-group pretest-posttest design Subject-->Pretest DV-->IV--> Posttest DV |
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What is another term for Independent groups design?
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Between Subjects Design
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What is a Between Subjects Design?
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Each group is only tested on one treatment
Initial sample-->Random assignment-->Group 1 IV--> measured on dependent variable -->Group 2 IV--> measured on dependent variable |
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What is a posttest-only design?
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Subjects--> Ex, IV--> DV
--> Con, IV--> DV |
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What is a Pretest- Posttest design?
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Subjects--> Pretest--> EX, IV--> Posttest
Subjects--> Pretest--> Con, IV--> Posttest |
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What is matched pairs random assignment?
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Matched variable is related to dependent variable.
EX: All males pair up, then numbered 1,2,1,2,1,2 |
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What is another term for Repeated Meaures design?
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Within Subjects Design
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What is a Within Subjects Design?
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All participants are exposed to all conditions.
Initial Sample--> Level II IV--> DV--> Level I IV--> DV Initial Sample--> Level I IV --> DV--> Level II IV--> DV |
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What are the Advantages of Within Subjects Design?
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Fewer participants needed
Very sensitive to group difference. ( Participants in the groups are matched on every characteristic except the IV |
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What are the Disadvatages of thw Within Subjects Design?
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Order effects
Fatigue effects- literally gets tired after going through a repeated amount of trails Practice effects- exposed to a task and after repeated trials they learn the task Contrast effect- Participant compares/contrasts with previous varibles |
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What is counterbalancing?
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Presenting conditions if different orders to different participants, where factorals come into play 4 groups is 4! or 4x3x2x1
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What is a mixed-model design?
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Combines between and within subjects designs.
Lesion-->con-->DV-->EX-->DV -->EX-->DV-->con-->DV No Lesion-->con->DV->EX->DV -->EX->DV->con->DV |
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What is a one-way complex design?
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Two groups designs, the simplest one-way is one IV with 2 levels
More than 2 levels is better |
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What is a Factorial Design?
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More than one IV and each IV has more than one level
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What is an interaction in a factorial design?
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The effect of one IV depends on the level of the other
EX: The effect of the type of argument is different depending on whether the person is nodding or shaking their head |
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What is are the two types of interactions?
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Ordinal-IV 1 has an effect under on condition of IV 2 but less of an effect under the other condition of IV 2
Disordinal (crossover)- There are no main effects of either IV, the effects of each IV are opposite at different levles of the other IV |