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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Psychology is defined as the scientific study of ___ and ___, and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state and the external environment.
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Behavior and Mental Processes.
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Scientific psychology differs from popular psychology in that it is based on ___ evidence.
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Empirical.
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___ is the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion and anecdote.
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Critical thinking.
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Two of the eight guidelines for critical thinking are:
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Any 2 of the following:
Ask questions, Define your terms, Examine the evidence, Analyze assumptions and biases, Avoid emotional reasoning, Don't oversimplify, Consider other interpretations, Tolerate uncertainty. |
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Early psychologists, like today's psychologists, wanted to describe, ___, understand, and ___ behavior in order to add to human knowledge and increase human happiness.
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Predict, Modify.
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William Wundt's favorite research method was___.
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Trained introspection.
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Titchener named this early approach ___.
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Structuralism.
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According to psychoanalysis, distress symptoms are due to ___.
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Conflicts and traumas from early childhood.
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The ___ perspective is related to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis.
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Psychodynamic.
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The five major current psychological perspectives are:
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Biological, learning, cognitive, sociocultural, psychodynamic.
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The ___ perspective is concerned with how the environment and experience affect a person's actions.
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Learning.
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Unlike behaviorists and psychoanalysts, humanists believe that human beings have___.
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Free Will.
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The ___ is one of the strongest forces in psychology today, and it has inspired an explosion of research on the working of the mind.
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Cognitive.
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The sociocultural perspective focuses on ___.
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Social and cultural forces.
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Within the sociocultural perspective, social psychologists focus on ___ while ___ psychologists emphasize how cultural rules and values affect people's development, behavior, and feelings.
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Social rules and roles, groups, authority and how we are affected by other people; cultural.
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Psychologists from the ___ movement have noted that many studies used only men as subject.
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Feminist.
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___ psychology is the generation of knowledge for its own sake; whereas ___ psychology is concerned with the practical uses of such knowledge.
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Basic; Applied.
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___ psychologists study behavior in the workplace, whereas ___ psychologists study principles that explain learning and look for ways to improve educational systems.
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Industrial / Occupational; Educational.
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Industrial / Occupational and Educational psychological specialities are considered ___ specialties.
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Nonclinical.
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Three examples of practice specialties in psychology are ___, ___, and ___.
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Clinical psychology, counseling psychology, school psychology.
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In the past, the focus of ___ psychologists was mainly on childhood, but many now study adolescence, young and middle adulthood, or old age.
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Developmental.
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To practice psychology, one must have a ___, and in almost all states, this requires a ___ degree.
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License; Doctorate.
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People often confuse clinical psychologists with ___, ___, or ___.
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Psychotherapist, Psychoanalyst, Psychiatrist.
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___ have a medical degree and may prescribe medication, whereas ___ are not required to have any degree at all since the term is not legally regulated.
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Psychiatrists; Psychotherapists.
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Other types of professionals who engage in mental-health fields include ___, ___, and ___.
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Social Workers, School Counselors, Marriage, Family and Child Counselors.
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