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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When Megan goes out to buy cosmetics, she reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of ... |
a heuristic
* simple thinking, make judgments & solve problems quickly |
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A factory foreman mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard. As a result, he keeps a sharp eye out for signs of laziness among senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates...
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confirmation bias
* search for evidence that confirms their preconceptions |
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Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit ...
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overconfidence
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In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in "green car". This illustrates an English language rule of ...
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syntax
* order & structure of language |
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Vocal sounds that are not included in a person's native language first begin to disappear from use during the ______ stage of language development.
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babbling
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Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ______ stage of language development.
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two-word
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Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ______ of their employees.
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intrinsic motivation
* self-interest |
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The older a person is when emigrating to a new country, the harder it is to learn the language. This best illustrates the importance of _____ for learning language.
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critical period
* specific time during which organism has to experience stimuli in order to process thru developmental stages properly |
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When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she controls her own anger & responds to her sister with empathy. Her behavior best illustrates ...
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emotional intelligence
* ability to perceive, understand & manage emotions |
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An 8 yr old whose score on the original Stanford-Binet was typical of an avg 10 yr old was said to have an IQ of ...
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125
* mature age (MA) x 100 / (CA) |
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Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed gave it to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test ...
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standardization
* defining scores by comparing them with performance of a pretested standardization group |
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When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of ...
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reliability
* extent to which a test yields consistent results |
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Comparing the academic performance of those who score extremely low on intelligence tests with those whose scores are extremely high is an effective way to highlight the tests' ... |
validity
* extent to which a test measures or predicts what it's supposed to |
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Intelligence test scores are LEAST similar for ; |
a) non-twin siblings reared together
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Stereotype threat stimulates ...
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self-confirming expectations.
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cognition
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mental activity associated w/ thinking, knowing, remembering, & communicating info
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algorithm
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methodical, logical procedure that maybe slow, but GUARANTEES success
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Insight |
aha moment
sudden & often novel realization the solution to problem |
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heuristic
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* simple thinking strategy often allows us to make judgments & solve problems quickly & efficiently
* more efficient than algorithms * do NOT guarantee success & more error-prone |
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availability heuristic
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ESTIMATING likelihood of certain events based on how readily they come to mind
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fixation
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inability to approach a problem in a NEW way
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confirmation bias |
* obstacle to problem solving
* search for info that CONFIRMS preconceptions |
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overconfidence |
* obstacle to problemsolving
* overestimate accuracy of beliefs & judgments |
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framing
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* WAY an issue is or question is posed
* can affect persons perception of issue or answer to question |
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belief perseverance
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cling to particular belief, even after info proven wrong
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language
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spoken word, written, or signed words & how we combine them to communicate meaning
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babbling stage |
* speech development around 4 mos.
* various sounds, unrelated to household language * children from all cultures sound alike |
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one-word stage
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speech development between 1-2 yrs mostly in single words
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two-word stage
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* speech development about 2 yrs
* nouns & verbs * correct order |
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intelligence
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ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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general intelligence (g)
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Spearman & others - general factor that underlies specific mental abilities & therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
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savant syndrome
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* very low IQ
* possess ONE exceptional ability |
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creativity
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ability to produce novel & valuable ideas
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emotional intelligence
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ability to perceive, manage, understand & use emotions
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intelligence tests
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measure people's MENTAL aptitudes & COMPARE with others through numerical scores
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aptitude tests
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* predict FUTURE performance
* measure capacity to learn NEW info, rather than what you already know |
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achievement tests
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measure persons' current knowledge
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mental age (MA)
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chronological age that most typically corresponds to given level of performance
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Stanford-Binet
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Lewis Terman's widely used REVISION of Binet's original intelligence test
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intelligence quotient (IQ)
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* ration of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100
* avg 100 |
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
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MOST used intelligence test
individually administered & contains 11 subtests broken into verbal & performance areas |
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standardization
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defining meaningful scores by comparison w/ performance of pretested standardization group
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normal curve
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* symmetrical bell-shaped curve
* represents frequency of occurrence of many physical & psychological attributes * curve symmetrical w/ most scores near avg & fewer near extremes |
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reliability
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extent to which test produces consistent results
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validity
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degree o which test measures or predicts what it's supposed to
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heritability
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proportion of variation in trait among individuals we attribute to genes
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stereotype threat
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self-confirming concern that will be evaluated based on negative stereotype
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