Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Synaptogenesis
|
Proliferation of connections at the synapses
|
|
Average newborn height and weight:
|
7.5 lbs and 20 inches long
|
|
Infant States (6)
|
- Quiet/regular sleep
- Active/irregular sleep (REM) - Sleep-wake transition - Alert (best for face-to-face) - Non-alert waking (low to high motor activity) - Fussing and crying |
|
Habituation
|
child shows less responsiveness to the same stimulus over trials
|
|
Preference studies
|
measure preference by observing how long infant looks at stimulus
|
|
Visual accommodation
|
occurs when small, involuntary muscles change the shape of the lens of the eye (3 months)
|
|
Saccades
|
Rapid eye movements to inspect an object or view something in the periphery (more accurate 3-4 months)
|
|
Smooth visual pursuit
|
Newborns can detect movement and track a slowly moving object
|
|
Visual perception at 2 months
|
externality effect and preference of human faces
|
|
Visual cliff
|
Ellener Gibson, 8 month babies
|
|
Body growth during first year
|
9.8 inches (25 cm)
|
|
Constructivist theory (Piaget)
|
we constantly construct and re-construct our understanding of the world
|
|
Invariant sequence stages (4)
|
- Sensori-motor (first 2 yrs)
- Preoperational - Concrete operational - Formal thought |
|
Schemes
|
Plans for knowing. Cognitive structure underlying organized patterns of thought or behavior
|
|
Assimilation
|
Process by which a child or adult relates to and modifies experience in accordance with existing schemes
|
|
Accommodation
|
The process by which existing schemes are modified to fit experience or new schemes are developed
|
|
Social cognition
|
any skill related to managing and decoding people's emotions and getting along with other human beings
|
|
Joint attention
|
The first sign of understanding human intentions (baby drawn to an obj adult pointing to, or follows a persons gaze)
|
|
Bonding
|
The process by which a caregiver develops an emotional attachment to the baby
|
|
Attachment
|
A strong emotional bond that emerges between infant and caregiver. Baby --> caregiver
|
|
Pre-attachment Stage
|
birth to 3 months
- reflex dominated, social smile |
|
Attachment in the making
|
4 to 7 months
- slight preference for caregivers, but still responsive to everyone |
|
Clear-cut attachment
|
7 to 8 months
- stranger anxiety and separation anxiety, social-referencing |
|
Working model of attachment
|
at age 3
- when child is under stress, need contact |
|
The strange situation: Mary Ainsworth
|
Seperation anxiety, stranger
|
|
Securely attached
|
- Child uses primary caregiver as secure base
- Child reacts with joy upon return |
|
Insecurely attached
|
Avoidant, mom too intrusive, indifferent to return
|
|
Anxious-Ambivalent
|
clingy, fearful, fear of exploration, mom not providing enough interactions
|
|
Disorganized attachment
|
bizarre behaviors, may freeze, look frightened, ect, often result of abuse
|
|
Harry Harlow
|
- contact comfort with monkeys
|
|
John Bowlby
|
Primary attachment figure crucial to healthy development
|
|
Temperament
|
Characteristic behavioral style of approaching the world
|
|
9 measurable characteristics of temperament
|
- Activity level
- Rhythmicity - Approach-withdrawal - Adaptability - Intensity of Reaction - Quality of mood - Distractibility - Threshold of responsiveness - Attention span and persistance |
|
Trust vs. Mistrust (time period)
|
Birth to 18 months
|
|
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
|
18 months to 3 years
- Mastery of body and sense of self |
|
Mirror images
|
18-24 months
|
|
Socialization
|
age 2 (self-regulation difficult however)
- improves from 2-4 |