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26 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Ad hominen argument
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From the Latin phrase meaning "to the man." It refers to an argument that attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand.
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A dirty fallacy
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Absolute Certainty
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Science doesn’t provide it; scholarly research doesn’t. Mathematics has it, but only within its self-defined deductive systems. When someone asserts they know something with absolute certainty, it can really only be based on self-evidence, faith, or mythology.
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you know it for sure
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Absolute Phrase
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A noun is immediately followed by a participle and a prepositional phrase or adjective phrase or two. Example- “Actually, he wore a clown’s tight rubber wig, painted white.” Annie Dillard
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A sentence structure
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Allegory
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An allegory is a fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts. In Paul Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, for example, the characters named Faithful, Mercy, and Mr. Worldy Wiseman are clearly meant to represent types of people rather than to be characters in their own rights.
A modern example of political allegory is George Orwell's novel Animal Farm (1945), which, under the guise of a fable about domestic animals, expresses the author's disillusionment with the outcome of the Bolshevik Revolution and shows how one tyrannical system of government in Russia was merely replaced by another. |
Kind of like analogy ... kind of.
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Alliteration
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Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words; the repeated "t" and "c" sounds in the sentence, "The tall tamarack trees shaded the cozy cabin," are examples of alliteration.
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ambiguity, ambiguous
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When something is ambiguous, it is uncertain or indefinite; it is subject to more than one interpretation. For example, you might way, "The poet's use of the word is ambiguous," to begin to discuss the multiple meanings suggested by the use of the word and to indicate that there is an uncertainty of interpretation.
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what do you really mean by that?
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Anadiplosis
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Repetition of the last word of one line or clause to begin the next.
(Pronounced "a na di PLO sis") [Gk. "doubling back"] -"When I give I give myself." (Walt Whitman) |
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Anaphora
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Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
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Antecedent
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Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun- the antecedent; "antecedent" is the grammatical term for the noun or pronoun from which another pronoun derives its meaning. For example, in the sentence, "The car he wanted to buy was a green one," the pronoun "one" derives its meaning from the antecedent "car."
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it refers to something that has come "antes" (before).
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Antithesis/Antithetical Structure
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is an opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses (“see balanced sentence”). For example, "Whereas she was boisterous, I was reserved" is a sentence that balances two antithetical observations.
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Apostrophe
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An apostrophe is a figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker. For example, "love" is personified and addressed as though present in the sentence, "Oh love, where have you gone?"
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abstract...
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Apposition
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Placing side-by-side two coordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation or modification of the first.
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opposite of opposition
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Apotheosis
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in literature when a character or a thing is elevated to such a high status that it appears godlike.
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think "theo"
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Argument Ad Baculum
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Threat
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Assonance
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Assonance is a type of internal rhyming in which vowel sounds are repeated. For instance, listen to the assonance caused by the repeated short "o" sounds in the phrase, "the pot's rocky, pocked surface."
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A pattern of sounds
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Asyndeton
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Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. In a list of terms, asyndeton gives the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity.
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syndeton might maybe mean "conjunctions" here...
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Balance/Balanced Structure
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Construction in which both halves/parts of the sentence are about the same structure, length, and importance. “He maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside the still waters.”
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Bathos
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Bathos is false or forced emotion that is often humorous. Whereas pathos draws upon deep emotion, bathos takes this emotion to such an extreme that the reader finds it humorous rather than touching.
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Bdelygmia
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a litany of abuse.
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the grintch
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Chiasmus
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Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. Chiasmus is often short and summarizes a main idea.
-"I flee who chases me, and chases who flees me." (Ovid) |
more weird structures...
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Conceit
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A justaposition that makes a surprising connection between two seemingly different thigns. An elaborate, usually intellectually ingenious poetic comparison or image, such as an analogy or metaphor in which, say a beloved is compared to a ship, planet,etc. The comparison may brief or extended. For example, Eyes like stars or the sun, hair like golden wires, lips like cherries are common examples. Oxymorons are also common, such as freezing fire, burning ice.
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Consonance
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Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity, especially at the end of words. This is one of those great literary terms to use when you are doing an AP write and you are trying to think of a sophisticated way to say the the words in the piece sound nice and harmonious with each other. It will come up most commonly with poetry or prose-like pieces of writing when words have a close correspondence of sounds. Example: “I listened motionless and still,
And as I mounted up the hill” |
more word rhyming -- can you guess what it uses?
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Didactic
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A term used to describe fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.
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Elegy
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An elegy is a work of music, literature, dance, or art that expresses sorrow. It mourns the loss of something, such as the death of a loved one.
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Ellipsis
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"Success comes in cans, failures in can'ts." [CA]
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structure with oposites - very strictly similar pieces
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Epigraph
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A quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of theme.
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