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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
the nervous system structures outside the brain and spinal cord provides vital links to the body and the outside world |
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sensory receptors |
pick up stimuli/environmental changes from inside and outside the body and initiate impulses in sensory axons |
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nerves |
bundles of peripheral axons |
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ganglia |
clusters of peripheral cell bodies |
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motor endings |
the axon terminals of motor neurons that innervate effector organs, muscles, and glands |
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the two main categories of peripheral sensory receptors |
free nerve endings of sensory neurons and receptor cells |
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receptor cells |
specialized epithelial cells or small neurons that transfer sensory information to sensory neurons monitor most types of special sensory information |
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free nerve endings |
monitor most types of general sensory information |
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general somatic sensory information |
touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs |
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special somatic sensory information |
hearing, equilibrium, and vision |
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general visceral sensory information |
stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, and irritation in viscera; nausea and hunger |
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special visceral sensory information |
taste and smell |
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exteroceptors |
sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body. usually located at or near the body surface ex: receptors for touch, pressure, pain, and temperature in the skin, most receptors of special sense organs |
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interoceptors |
also called visceroceptors receive stimuli from internal viscera ex: receptors monitor changes in chemical concentration, taste, stretching of viscera |
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proprioceptors |
located in musculoskeletal organs and monitor the degree of stretch of locomotory organs and send input on body movements to CNS |
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types of receptors based on location
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exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors |
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types of receptors based on stimulus type |
mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, and nociceptors |
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mechanoreceptors |
respond to mechanical forces such as touch, pressure, stretch, vibrations, and itch |
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baroreceptor |
monitors blood pressure |
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thermoreceptors |
respond to temperature changes |
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chemoreceptors |
resond to chemicals in solution (such as molecules tasted or smelled) and to changes in blood chemistry |
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photoreceptors |
located in the eye and respond to light |
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nociceptors |
respond to harmful stimuli that result in pain |