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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
dyskinesias
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difficulty controlling voluntary movements in absence of paralysis, paresis, or apraxia. 2 types.
1.hyperkinesia and 2. hypokinesia |
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chorea aka huntingtons dissease
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a type of hyperkinesia
spontaneous rapid random movements, due to loss of ENK striasmal neurons favors direct pathway promoting thalamic drive. huntingtons is characterized by loss of caudate nucleus |
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athetosis
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a type of hyperkinesia
writhing(twisting turning) movements |
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dystonia
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a type of hyperkinesia
joint or postural freezing due to antagonistic coactivation ex idiopathic torsional dystonia spasmodic torticollis |
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ballismus
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a type of hyerkinesia
rapid flailing movements of the extremities due to loss of subthalamic nucleus that increses thalamic drive |
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tic
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a type of hyperkinesia
with spontaneous single repeated movement, so movement is not random |
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tourette's syndrome
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a type of hyperkinesia
movements with vocalizations |
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hypokinesia
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condition marked by paucity of movements despite motivational and muscular ability is intact, ex parkinsons(loss of dopaminergic excitation of direct path and inhibition of indirect path) --> decrese thalamic drive
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cerebellar ataxia
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damage to cerebellum but not paralysis or paresis. appears ipsilateraly unless it is a vermal lesion
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clinical signs of cerebellar ataxia
*dysmetria *dysdiadochokinesia *motor decomposition *dysarthia |
ataxic gait- drunken gait
nystagmus- eye movements hypotonia- pendulous reflexes dysmetria- intention tremor limb ataxia- poorly coordinated dysdiadochokinesia- repetitive movement disorder motor decomposition- movements broken into components dysarthia- slow speech |
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3 symptoms seen in vestibulocerebellum and inner ear lesions, making the two hard to differentiate from eachother
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truncal ataxia- inability to balance
nystagmus- not normal in unconcious vertigo- sense of room spinning, often accompanied by nausea |
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symptoms of flocculonodular lobe damage
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truncal ataxia
and nystagmus.*fast phase of nystagmus is towards the side of the lesion, slow phase away |
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spinocerebellar damage AKA ant lob syndrome
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can be caused by malnutrition (ex alcoholism)
shows with ataxia, but NO nystagmus or vertigo |
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cerebralcerebellum AKA neocerebellar damage
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usually unilateral
*general loss of muscle tone- hyporeflexia and pendular reflex less muscle coordination, takes longer to change directions dysmetria, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia and decomposition of movement These symptoms also involve speech. |
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apraxia
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inability to perform learned motor skills in absence of paralysis. caused by lesions in supplementary motor area, but can still move. just cant integrate muscle groups.
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astereognosis
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lesion in parietal association cortex --> to tactile amnesia inability to ID an object by touch
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agraphestesia
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lesion in parietal association cortex --> inability to recognize object drawn onto skin even on hand
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neglect syndrome
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lesion in parietal association cortex --> failure to recognize opposite side of body and its surroundings
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allodynia
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perception of pain from non painful stimuli
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