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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why were the IMVic tests developed?
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As a means of separating members of the Enterobacteriaceae
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What are the letters of IMVic for?
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I for indole production from tryptophan
M for methyl red test for acid production from glucose V for the Voges-Proskauer test for production of acetoin from glucose C for the use of citrate as the sole carbon source |
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What was the source of carbon Lab #14 Rapid Identification Methods?
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citric acid
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If the indicator turns from green to blue what does this indicate?
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Conditions are alkaline
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Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae
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aerobic or facultatively anaerobic
gram negative nonendospore-forming rod-shaped |
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What are coliforms?
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enterobacteriaceae that ferment lactose with acid and gas formation within 48 hours at 35 degrees celsius
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What is Enterotube II
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a rapid identification method that identifies oxidase-negative, gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae
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Antimicrobial agents
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chemicals that control the growth of microbes
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Disinfectants
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chemical agents used on inanimate objects to lower the level of microbes on their surface
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What are antiseptics?
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chemicals that are used on living tissue to decrease the number of microbes
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Bactericidal agents
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chemical agents that result in bacterial death
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Bacteriostatic agents
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chemical agents that cause temporary inhibition of growth
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Factors to consider in selecting an antimicrobial agent
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pH
solubility toxicity organic material present cost |
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What factors are important in evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents?
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the concentration
length of contact whether it is lethal or inhibiting |
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American Official Analytical Chemist's use dilution test
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standard method for measuring the effectiveness of a chemical agent
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What culture was used in lab 17-Disinfectants and Antiseptics
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Louis Pasteur
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made the observation that some microbes inhibited the growth of others in 1874
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Antibiosis
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against life
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What are chemotherapeutic agents?
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antimicrobial chemicals absorbed or used internally whether natural (antibiotics) or synthetic
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Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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the concentration of chemotherapeutic agent at the edge of the zone of inhibition
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What is the zone of inhibition size affected by?
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the diffusion rate of the chemotherapeutic agent and the growth rate of the organism
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In Lab 18-Antimicrobial Drugs, which plates and broth were used? How did you get from ml to cm?
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Mueller Hinton agar
pseudomonas aeruginosa broth multiplied by 10 to get from ml to cm |
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Ignaz Semmelwies
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established a policy that resulted in the drop in the death rate due to puerperal sepsis from 12% to 1.2% in one year
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Handwashing in hospitals
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as low as 31%
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In Lab #19 Hand Scrubbing, which plates were used?
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used blood agar plates
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Upper respiratory system
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nose and throat
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Lower respiratory system
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larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and alveoli
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Why is the lower respiratory tract normally sterile?
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because of the efficient functioning of the ciliary escalator
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Microbial antagonism
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certain microorganisms of the normal microbiota suppress the growth of other microorganisms through competion for nutrients and production of inhibitory substances
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What are the predominant organisms in throat cultures?
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streptococcal species
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B-hemolysis
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beta (bad-beta ate it)
complete hemolysis giving a clear zone with a clean edge around the colony |
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a-hemolysis
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incomplete hemolysis, producing methemoglobin and a green cloudy zone around the colony (good)
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What characterizes gamma-hemolysis?
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no hemolysis and no change in the blood agar around the colony
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S. pyogenes
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90% of streptococcal infections are caused by b-hemolytic group A strepcocci
sensitive to bacitracin |
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Optochin sensitivity
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used to distinguish pathogenic S. pneumoniae from other a-hemolytic streptococci
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Strep
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does not bubble
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Resident bacteria of urethra
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streptococcus, bacteroides, mycobacterium, neisseria and enterics
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Bacteria in urine
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not considered an indication of urinary tract infection unless there are 1000 bacteria of one species or 100 coliforms per milliliter of urine
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Cystitis
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inflammation of the urinary bladder
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Pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the kidney
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Urine sample
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must be a clean catch, midstream into sterile jar
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Bacteria of Urogenital tract
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special 10ul calibrated loop was used instead of regular inoculating loop
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In Bacteria of Urogenital tract, which plates were used?
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used blood agar plate and MacConkey agar-which turns pink if growing enterics
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P. aeruginosa infections
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are characterized by blue green pus
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Gonorrhea
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The most common reportable communicable disease in the US, caused by the gram negative diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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In Chemical Methods of Control: Antimicrobial Drugs, which plates were used?
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used Mueller-Hinton agar plates
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In Chemical methods of Control: Antimicrobial Drugs, which cultures were used?
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used cultures
Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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What was the purpose of Chemical methods of Control: Disinfectants and Antiseptics
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purpose was to time exposure of staphylococcus aureus to 10% bleach and other disinfectants and measuring growth
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Enterics
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oxidase negative and feed on glucose
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Procedure for Rapid Identification Methods
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1.pick a well isolated colony with the inoculating end of wire
2. hold the bent end of the wire and withdraw the needle through all twelve compartments with a turning motion 3.reinsert the wire through all twelve compartments. Then withdraw it to the notch on the wire. Break the wire at the notch. 4. Using the broken wire punch holes through the foil covering the air inlets in the last eight compartments. Replace caps |
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Citrobacter freundii
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- Indole
+ Methyl red - Voges-Proskauer + Citrate |
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Enterbacter aerogenes
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- Indole
-Methyl red + Voges Proskauer + Citrate |
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Serratia marcescens
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-Indole
+ or - for methyl red + Vokes Proskauer + citrate |
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Proteus vulgaris
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+ Indole
+ methyl red - Voges proskauer -(v) Citrate |
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Bacillus subtillis
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catalase positive
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Staph
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catalase positive
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Strep
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catalase negative
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In Respiration lab #13, which plate was used?
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TSA agar plate
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Steps for Isolation of Bacteria by Dilution Techniques
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streak first sector making as many streaks as possible
turn plate to next sector and streak turn plate to next sector and streak turn plate to next sector and streak DO NOT OVERLAP or FLAME IN BETWEEN steps! |