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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What illness in the US involves cercariae penetration? |
Swimmer’s itch. (Schistosomiasistoo but not in US) |
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Pregnant women should not contact feline feces because they could get… |
toxoplasmosis from the toxoplasma gondiiprotazoa. It is transferred from mouse to cat and passed through feces. Can gotransplacental and cause blindness, neurological problems and stillbirth. |
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Sporotrichosisis treated with a............ |
fungicide |
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What causes thrush and vaginitis? |
They are yeast infections from an overgrowth of the fungi candida albicans |
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What do E. histolytica eat? |
Intestinal tissue causing ulcers and dysentery |
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If one ingests cysticerci, they may get a |
tapeworm |
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What are the symptoms of vaginal Candidiasis? |
Itchy, cheesy, thick discharge |
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What is the etiological agent for LGV? |
C. trachomatis (Lymphogranuloma venerium) |
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T/F All protozoans make cysts |
False |
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What is the first test done to ID a bacterium? |
Gram stain |
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What are the characteristics of Helminths? |
Eukaryotic,multicellular, parasitic roundworms and flatworms. Some are dioecious and some are hermaphroditic |
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Compare transmission of Chlamydias with Rickettsias |
Both are obligate intracellular bacteria (parasitic). Rickettsias are transmitted via vectors.Chlymydias are transmitted via air or sex |
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Sac Fungi are called… |
Ascomycota (includes conidia [aspergillis,penicillin] and yeast) |
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What is the most highly developed system in Helminths? |
Reproductive |
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T/F Are Lichens parasites? |
False.They are mutualistic and both benefit from the relationship. |
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T/F All Fungi produce resting/diploid spores. |
False.Some fungi reproduce from budding, some form a zygospore or haploid spore. |
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Helminth transmission is usually by what routes? |
Fecal oral or gastrointestinal |
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Tapeworms eat.... |
food found in the intestines |
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Toavoid getting a tapeworm, you must |
thoroughly cook meats |
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Ringwormis caused by a |
Ascomycota fungi |
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Give the correct terminology to describe the energy and carbon sources for Euglenozoa |
They can be photoautotrophic or chemoheterotrophic |
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When does one get a nosocomial infection? |
Ina hospital or clinical setting. Typically for immunocomprimised |
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Etiology was introduced by what scientist? |
Koch
. |
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Of the following 2 choices, are specificillnesses mechanically or biologically transmitted? |
Biologically
. |
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Septicemiais…. |
Bacteria through the blood stream
. |
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What do we call bacteria that are present for ashort time? |
Transient
. |
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Whatare the major reservoirs of infection? |
Humans, animals, water, soil, hospital, formites
. |
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What is a fomite? |
Inanimate and non-livingobject capable of carrying infectious organisms
. |
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What is a primary infection? A secondary infection? |
A primary infection is an acute infection thatcauses the initial illness.-
A secondary infection is one caused by anopportunistic pathogen after the primary infection has weakened the body'sdefenses. . |
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Know how to recognize on a graph: endemic,epidemic, sporadic. |
Endemic: always present in a population.
Epidemic:large rise (exponential rise)- spike in population over a short period of time. Sporadic- disease occurring occasionally (small outbreaks) . |
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An infection that develops after an operation, can be due to…. |
Nosocomial bacteria, antibiotic resistance,opportunistic bacteria, lack of sterility (tools, surfaces)
. |
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An unprotected sneeze can be what form(s) oftransmission? |
Droplet(vehicle if further than a meter)
. |
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STDs are from what form of transmission? |
Direct contact
|
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Food poisoning is what form of transmission? |
vehicle
|
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Plague transmitted by a flea is what form oftransmission? |
Vector
. |
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Pneumonic plague-(between humans)-is what form of transmission? |
Droplet usually, or vehicle
. |
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What is a zoonosis? |
Animal to human
. |
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Why doesn’t C.albicans normally cause disease? |
Normal flora, antagonistic relationship withlactobaccili preventing overgrowth
|
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Describe synergistic relationships between bacteria. |
One bacterium receives a product by another
|
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EIDs can be caused by what? (make a list) |
Mutation,ignorance, misuse of drugs, natural disasters.
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The most common portal of entry is the… |
muscousmembrane of the respiratory tract (nose mouth)
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Bacteria that can get through the skin whenthere is no abrasion or cut, have probably gained access via… |
hairand skin follicles or sweat and oil glands
|
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Define ID-50 and LD-50. Which form of anthrax is“easiest” to get?
|
ID-50 is an infectious dose to affect 50% of apopulation. LD-50 is a lethal dose to kill 50% of a test population. Cutaneous anthraxis the easiest to get |
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What structures facilitate bacterial-invasiveness? |
glycocalyx, fimbriae, pili,flagella, ligands |
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Definethe following:leukocidins |
membrane disrupting chemicals that destroy white bloodcells
. |
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Definethe following:hemolysins |
membranedisrupting chemicals released by some bacteria that can destroy white bloodcells and red blood cells
|
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Define the following: coagulases |
bindsome bacteria to coagulate blood
|
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Define the following: kinases |
.breakdown fibrin and digests clots – anticoagulant |
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Define the following: hyaluronidases |
breakdown hyaluronic acid
. |
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T/F Exotoxins are destroyed by heat. |
true
. |
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What competes with human iron-transferringproteins? |
siderophores
. |
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Define parenteral route of entry. |
Beneathskin (bites trauma surgery
. |
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How can one avoid Botulism? |
Cook food properly
. |
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Septic shock due to G+ bacteria is caused by…. |
Superantigens(staph aur)
. |
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How do G- cross the BBB? |
ByTNF (causes vasodilation and increases blood permeability)
. |
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Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins withthe __________ test. |
Limulus Amoebocyte LysateTest
. |
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Via what scenario do antibiotics interfere withseptic shock treatment? |
Gram – infections/toxicity
. |
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What does TNF do to BP? |
Lowersbp
. |
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What are the effects of lipid A release? |
Fever,vomitting, diarrhea, DIC, miscarriages, interferes with protein synthesis and eukarymembranes may rupture
. |