Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
|
Temporary impairment of the cerebral circulation causing neurological impairment lasting less than 24 hours. Depriving brain of glucose and O2. A warning for an impending stroke.
|
|
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
|
Death of brain tissue caused by disruption of blood flow to the brain. Characterized by focal neurological deficiets specific to the area of the brain involved that do not fully resolve.
|
|
Penumbra
|
The temporary formation of brain tissue surrounding damage caused by a stroke which allows for the possibility of repair when reprofused quickly.
|
|
What is a thrombus?
|
A blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there
|
|
Ischemic Stroke
|
Thrombus formation due to athrosclerosis, embolus asscociated w/ a-fib
|
|
Causes of hemorragic Stroke
|
Nost common cause uncontrolled HTN, aneurysm (weakness in aetery wall) rupture, AV malformations (arteries and veins connecting without capillaries causes increased venous pressure), Anticoagulant therapy
|
|
Sources of decreased perfussion:
|
Severe stenosis of carotid or basilar ateries, vasculitis associated with systemic lupis erythematosus, bacterial or TB meningitis, fungal infections, herpes zoster arteritis
|
|
Hemorragic Stroke
|
Bleeding into the brain caused by the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel resulting in the death of the vessels and damage to the surrounding area.
|
|
Common cause of intracerbral hemmorage
|
Uncontrolled hypertension and ruptured aneurysm
|
|
What is an embolism?
|
A clot that travels from the site where it formed to another location in the body
|
|
What is a thrombolysis?
|
The breaking up of a blood clot
|
|
Causes of increased clotting
|
Genetic predisposition, non-functioning anticlotting factors, aquired hypercoagulation, Triad of Virchow: (1)injury ro endothelium, (2)Abnormal blood flow, (3)hyper-coagulabiity
|
|
Theraputic intervention of Hemorrhagic Stroke
|
Surgical Intervention, Endovascular Procedures, e.g., "coils"
|
|
Theraputic intervention of Ischemic Stroke
|
Clot-busters, e.g., tPA
The most promising treatment for ischemic stroke is the FDA-approved clot-busting drug tPA, which must be administered within a three-hour window from the onset of symptoms to work best. Generally, only 3 to 5 percent of those who suffer a stroke reach the hospital in time to be considered for this treatment |
|
Preventative Treatment for Ischemic Stroke
|
Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets, Carotid Endarterectomy, Angioplasty/Stents
|
|
Hemiplegia
|
Paralysis of one side of the body
|
|
Unilateral neglect
|
Deficit in attention to the opposite side of space is observed. Inattention, includes ignoring contralesional sights, sounds, smells, or tactile stimuli.
|
|
Aphasia
|
Aphasia
Is a disorder caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control language |
|
Expressive aphasia
|
You know what you want to say, but you have trouble saying or writing what you mean
|
|
Receptive aphasia
|
You hear the voice or see the print, but you can't make sense of the words
|
|
Anomic aphasia
|
You have trouble using the correct word for objects, places or events
|
|
Global aphasia
|
You can't speak, understand speech, read or write
|
|
Cerebral aneurysm/Subarchnoid hemmorage
|
A cerebral aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel supplying the cerebrum. The weakened area forms a sac that fills with blood cause bleeding in the arachnoid or subarachnoid space.
|
|
Causes of Cerebral aneurysm/Subarchnoid hemmorage
|
Family history, previous aneurysm, hypertension and smoking
|
|
Symptoms of a ruptured brain aneurysm
|
Sudden, severe headache (sometimes described as a "thunderclap" headache that is very different from any normal headache),nuchal rigidity, N/V, photophobia, IICP, loss of consciousness, seizures, disorientation, pupil changes(dialation) and motor dysfunction.
|
|
Brain aneurysm diagnoses
|
CT, MRI, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and cerebral angiogram.
|
|
Theraputic interventions for cerebral aneurysms treated?
|
Microvascular clipping, occlusion, and endovascular embolization
|