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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the advantages of current technological advances in surgery
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Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Procedures have replaced many "open" surgeries, with Laproscopic: less trauma, small openings, quicker surgery, less pain, less inflammation responses and faster recovery.
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What are the advantages of current technological advances in surgery
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Endoscopic surgery: uses instruments to view interior structures of the body.
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What are the advantages of current technological advances in surgery
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Robotics: computerized mechanical instruments provides less invasive and less traumatic procedures. Robots camera has up to 12 times that of normal vision to view. BIG ADVANTAGE is that robots have "rock-steady hands"
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Diabetes: surgery can cause glucose levels to swing, healing takes longer, high risk for infection, Liver and Kidney disease makes it more difficult to metabolize and eliminate anesthesia and waste products
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Older age: healing is slower, risk for hypostatic pneumonia, and thrombus formation
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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very young age: infants have a hard time with temperature control and circulation, high risk for dehydration
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Malnutrition: poor wound healing and skin breakdown
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Dehydration, obesity, drugs( aspirin, anti-inflammatory) increase risk for bleeding, excessive fear, smoking ( atelectasis, pneumonia, thrombus formation)
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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respiratory disease (secretions, inflammation, and impared carbon dioxide exchange can cause acid base imbalance
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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substance abuse or alcohol: alters reaction to anesthesia, withdrawl symptoms
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Liver disease: interferes with normal blood clotting, and the liver can't detoxify anesthetics and other drugs
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Peripheral vascular: poor circulation is risk for thrombus formation and pressure sores on lower legs and feet
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Cardiovascular: hypertension, CHF, or other cardiac are at high risk for Myocardial Infarction from surgery and anesthesia
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Identify the types of patients most at risk for surgical complications , why are they?
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Obesity: they dont breathe as deeply, risk for hypostatic pneumonia, excessive fat also has poor wound healing
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CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Jehovas witness patients will not accept blood transfusions from another person, they believe there are eternal consequences. Bloodless surgery is now available for them
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ELDER CARE POINTS
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Patients over 75 have three times higher risk of surgical complications due to decline in cardiac, respiratory, renal, also can't handle stress of surgery. Impaired renal, hepatic, respiratory, and cardiac puts them at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances
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Define Perioperative
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caring for the patient before, during, and after surgery
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SAFETY ALERT!
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Latex allergies, keep everything latex free even rubber stoppers on medication bottles or IV containers can be a problem
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CRITICAL THINKING
Why would a localized infection be a contraindication for surgery in some instances? |
because if there is already an infection it has a risk for spreading during surgery from the local infected site to deeper tissues
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CORTICOSTEROIDS*******
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Important to know if a patient is on a corticosteroids: because it can delay wound healing, alter fluid and electrolytes, and effect metabolic functions, these factors increase surgical risk
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Prostesis
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artifical body part
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ELDERLY CONCERNS
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Older patients who are depressed are at high risk for complications for surgery due to their motivation for recovery is often low, be sure they have someone to help after surgery
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Consent for surgery
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You the nurse only has to witness the patient sign the consent form, patient must be mentally competent. YOU MUST ALWAYS check the consent form has been signed before administering preoperative medications
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Plan and Implement patient/family teaching to prevent postoperative complications
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* patient will be prepared for surgery physically and emotionally
* able to demonstrate deep breathing, coughing, and leg exercises |
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Plan and Implement patient/family teaching to prevent postoperative complications
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* able to verbalize understanding of the procedure and postoperative period
* able to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance throughout the perioperative period |
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Stasis
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Slowing of blood
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Thrombophlebitis
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Blood clot and inflammation of a vessel
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Asians and Chinese Patients
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metabolize drugs differently than other ethnic groups , monitor closely
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