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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Culture |
The ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together forms a people's way of life |
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Culture is either... |
1. Nonmaterial 2. Material |
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Nonmaterial culture |
ideas created by the members of the society |
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Material culture |
physical things created by members of a society |
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True or False: There is no such thing as a "natural" way of life. |
True |
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Culture shock |
Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life |
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Differentiate culture, nation, and society. |
Culture: a shared way of life Nation: A political entity, a territory with designated borders Society: organized interaction of people usu. in a nation |
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Symbol |
anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture |
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Cultural transmission |
the process by which one generation passes culture to the next |
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Sapir-Whorf Thesis |
people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language |
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Values |
culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful that serve as broad guidelines for social living |
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How do values affect beliefs? |
Values are broad principles that support beliefs. |
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Beliefs |
specific thoughts or ideas that people hold to be true |
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Give at least 3 key values of US Culture. Explain each. |
1. Equal opportunity (provide everyone with the chance to "get ahead") 2. Achievement and success (encourages competition so that each person's rewards is based on their personal merit) 3. Material comfort (buying nice things) 4. Activity and work (values action over reflection) 5. Practicality and efficiency (values practical over theoretical) 6. Progress (the present is better than the past) 7. Science (problems can be solved through science; premium on reason and logic) 8. Democracy and free enterprise (individuals have rights) Freedom (individual initiative over collective conformity) Racism and group superiority (judging of individuals according to gender, race, ethnicity, and social class) |
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True or False: Values are independent of each other. |
False. Values form value clusters. |
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True or False: Values are constant. |
False. Values change. |
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Norms |
Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behaviors of its members |
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Kinds of norms |
1. Mores 2. Folkways |
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Taboos are a kind of _______. |
Mores. |
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Mores |
norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance |
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Folkways |
norms for routine or casual interaction |
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Kinds of sanctions |
1. Reward 2. Punishment |
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Social control |
attempts by a society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior |
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Artifacts |
a wide range of physical human creations |
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Technology |
knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings |
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True or False: Symbolic skills (thinking) are in higher demand than mechanical skills (manufacturing and the like) due to technology. |
True. |
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Differentiate high culture from pop culture. |
High culture: culture patterns that distinguish a society's elite Popular culture: cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population |
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Differentiate subculture from counterculture. |
Subculture: cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population Counterculture: cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society |
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Cultural integration |
the close relationships among various elements of a cultural system |
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Cultural lag |
the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system |
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Causes of cultural change |
1. Invention (creating new cultural elements) 2. Discovery (recognizing and understanding more fully something already in existence) 3. Diffusion (the spread of cultural traits from one society to another) |
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Ethnocentrism |
the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture |
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Kinds of global contact |
1. Global economy (The flow of goods) 2. Global communications (The flow of information) 3. Global migration (The flow of people) |
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Some traits are common to all cultures. These are called __________. |
Cultural universals |
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What is the function of culture according to the Structural-Functionalist perspective? |
A complex strategy for meeting human needs. |
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True or False: According to the Social Conflict perspective, culture is shaped by the society's means of production. |
True. |
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Explain the premise behind sociobiology. |
Human biology affects how we create culture. |
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What are the 3 theories of culture? |
1. Structural-Functionalist 2. Social Conflict 3. Sociobiology |
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Multiculturalism |
a perspective recognizing cultural diversity and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions |
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Differentiate Eurocentrism and Afrocentrism. |
Eurocentrism: the dominance of European cultural patterns Afrocentrism: emphasizing and promoting African cultural patterns |