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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Layers of the bone in order |
Periosteum Compact Bone Endosteum Medullary Cavity Yellow Bone Marrow |
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Flexion |
Reduces angle of joint Example: Elbow Move arm from down to up |
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Rotation |
Spins one bone relative to another Example: rotating head left to right |
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Abduction |
Increase the angle of a joint to move a part away from midline Example: Raise arm |
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Adduction |
Decreases the angle of a joint to move a part toward midline Example: Lowering arm |
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Extension |
Increases an angle of a joint Example: Straightening Elbow |
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Circumduction |
Moves the distal end of a bone in a circle Example: Moving arm in a circle |
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Regions of the spine in order |
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx |
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What is the number for each region of the spine? |
Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacrum 1, Coccyx 1 |
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Osteoclasts |
Reabsorb bone |
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Osteocytes |
Mature bone cell |
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Osteoblasts |
Form new bone Turn into osteocytes after calcification |
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6 bones of the skull/cranial base |
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, & Ethmoid |
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Zygomatic |
Cheek bones |
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Maxilla |
Upper jaw bones |
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Mandible |
Lower jaw bone |
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What are the 4 paranasal sinuses? |
Frontal Sinuses Sphenoid Sinuses Ethmoid Air Cells Maxillary Sinus |
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Frontal sinus location |
Above the eyes |
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Sphenoid Sinus Location |
Behind the eyes |
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Ethmoid Air Cells Location |
Between the eyes |
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Maxillary Sinus Location |
Under the eyes |
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Axial skeleton consists of |
Skull, Spine, Thorax, Hyoid Bone |
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Appendicular Skeleton Consists of |
Upper and Lower Extremities |
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Diaphysis |
Hollow tube made of hard compact bone Also called shaft |
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Epiphysis |
Ends of bone where red bone marrow fills in small spaces in spongy bone |
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Epiphyseal Plate |
Area of cartilage remaining between the epiphysis & the diaphysis as long as growth continues |
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Medullary Cavity |
Hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone Contains yellow bone marrow |
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Trabeculae |
Beams that form the lattice of spongy bone |
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Endosteum |
Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity |
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Periosteum |
Strong membrane of dense fibrous tissue Cover long bone everywhere except joint surfaces |
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Which are true ribs and what are they attached to? |
1-7 attached to sternum by costal cartilage |
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Which are False Ribs and what are they attached to? |
8, 9, & 10 attached to cartilage of 7th pair |
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Which are floating ribs and what are they attached to? |
11 & 12 NOT attached to any costal cartilage |
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Bones of the hands |
Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges |
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Bones of the wrist |
Carpals |
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Bones of the ankles |
Tarsals |
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Bones of the foot |
Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges |
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Bones of the legs |
Tibia Fibula |
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Bone of the thigh |
Femur |
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Coxal bone is |
Hip Bone |
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Bones of the arms |
Humerous Radius Ulna |
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Bones of the upper arm/shoulder |
Scapula Clavicle Humerous |
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2 types of bone marrow |
Red Bone Marrow Yellow Bone Marrow |
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Function of Red Bone Marrow |
Forms red blood cells and white blood cells |
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Function of Yellow Bone Marrow |
Inactive fatty form of marrow found in the adult skeleton |
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Location of Red Bone Marrow |
Soft connective tissue in the hard walls of some bones |
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Location of Yellow Bone Marrow |
Medullary Cavity in the Adult Skeleton |
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5 types of bones |
Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones Irregular Bones Sesamoid Bones |
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Define Long Bones |
Tubular shaft articular surface Example: Humerous |
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Define Short Bones |
Tubular shaft articular surface much smaller than long bones Example: Carpals |
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Define Flat Bones |
Thin with broad surfaces Example: Frontal Bone |
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Define Irregular Bones |
Irregular in shape & size usually quite compact Example: Vertebrae |
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Define Sesamoid bones |
Round Example: Patella |
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Calcitonin |
Increases mineralization of bone Reduces blood calcium (From thyroid gland) |
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PTH |
Parathyroid hormone from parathyroid Glands counter balances calcitonin Increases blood calcium |
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Haversian System |
Another name for Osteon |
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Osteoporosis |
Most common and serious of all bone disease. Excessive loss of calcified matrix & collagenous fibers from bone |
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Osteomalacia |
Softening of bones Typically from Vitamin D deficiency |
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Paget’s Disease |
Disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue |
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The Diploe |
Cancellous bone layer |
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Lacunae |
Spaces where osteocytes are formed |
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Osteon |
Numerous structural units in the extracellular matrix Circular/tubelike |
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6 Types of Diarthroses Joints |
Hinge Ball & Socket Pivot Gliding Saddle Condyloid |
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Example of Hinge Joint |
Elbow |
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Example of Ball & Socket Joint |
Shoulder and Hip |
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Example of Pivot Joint |
Radius rotating against ulna |
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Example of Gliding Joints |
Articular process between Vertebrae |
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Example of Saddle Joints |
Carpal metacarpal Joint of thumb |
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Example of Condyloid |
Atlanto-Occipital Joint |
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Function of the Skeletal System |
Supports and gives shape to the body Protects internal organs Provides internal frame work |
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Skull protects |
Brain |
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Ribs & Breastbone protect |
Heart |
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Hemopoiesis |
Blood Cell Formation in Red Bone Marrow |
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What are the two divisions of the human skeleton? |
Axial Appendicular |
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Spaces between the Vertebrae of the spine are |
Disks |
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__________ is a bundle of nerves |
Spinal Cord |
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___________ helps you turn your head |
Axis |
3, 4, 5 stay alive |
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Atlas & Axis are parts of |
Cervical Vertebrae |
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Atlas & Axis help |
Swivel the head |
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There are ___ pairs of ribs ____ in total |
12 24 |
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There are _____ bones in the body |
206 |
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There _____ bones in the appendicular skeleton |
126 |
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Femur |
Only bone in the thigh Longest bone in the body |
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Patella |
Knee cap Protects knee joint |
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Tibia |
Large shin bone |
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Fibula |
Smaller bone connecting to ankle |
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Arches of the foot |
Normal Longitudinal Arch Flatfoot Transverse Arch |
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Joints are called |
Articulations |
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Every bone except _______ connects to at least 1 other bone |
Hyoid Bone |
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Hyoid Bone |
Anchors the tongue |
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Diathroses |
Free movement |
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Bursa |
Fluid filled pouch that absorbs shock |
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The joint capsule is made up of |
Fibrous Connective Tissue |
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Fibrous Connective Tissue is |
The body’s strongest and toughest material |
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Types of Joint Movement |
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction |
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Reasons for Skeletal Variations |
Sex (Male vs Female) Age Environmental Factors |
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_______ hold our bones together and make it possible for movement to occur |
Joints |
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Kinds of Joints |
Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diathroses |
3 |
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Synarthrosis is found in |
Coronal suture |
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Amphiarthrosis is found in |
Pubic Symphysis |
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Endochondral Ossification is |
Fetal development during which Bone tissue is created |
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