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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hereditary
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transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring
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genetics
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study of hereditary
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monohybrid cross
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cross involving one pair of contrasting traits
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true-breeding
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displaying only one form of a particular trait in offspring
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P generation
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(parental generation) the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
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F1 generation
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the first offspring from a cross of two varieties in the parental generation
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F2 generation
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the offspring from crosses among individuals of the F1 generation
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allele
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an alternative form of a gene
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dominant
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genetic trait that is expressed when its allele in homozygous or heterozygous
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recessive
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genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present
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homozygous
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refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait
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heterozygous
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refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait
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genotype
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the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles
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phenotype
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observable characteristics of an organism
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law of segregation
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first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
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law of independant assortment
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second law of heredity stating that pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
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Punnett square
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diagram used by biologists to predict the probable outcome of a genetic cross
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test cross
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a genetic cross of an individual whose phenotype is dominant but whose genotype is unknown, with a homozygous recessive individual
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probabliity
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the likelihood that a specific even will occur
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pedigree
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family history that shoes how a trait is inherited over several generations
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sex linked trait
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a trait that is determined by a gene found on the X chromosome
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polygenic trait
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characteristic of an organism that is influenced by several genes
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incomplete dominance
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condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its parents
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codominance
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condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present
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multiple alleles
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the existence of more that two alleles (versions of a gene) for a genetic trait
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