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419 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Message which tell us whether we are liked, respected, or controlled are called ____________ messages.
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relational
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A relational message that conveys attraction and interest is said to involve ____________.
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immediacy
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____________ may arise from intellectual or emotional closeness.
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intimacy
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Language that has two equally plausible meanings is termed ____________.
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equivocal
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Communication about communication is called ____________.
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metacommunication
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Equivocation refers to the completely ethical behavior of telling 'the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.'
a. True b. False |
False
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Compared to perception checks and listening, self-disclosure carries far fewer risks for the communicator.
a. True b. False |
False
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The Johari Window is a model that is useful for looking at the relative amount of open, closed, hidden and blind areas in a relationship
a. True b. False |
True
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Hinting is a type of indirect behavior that can seek to get a desired response from the other and/or save the other from embarrassment.
a. True b. False |
True
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5.
Men are more likely to see talk as a way to build intimacy; women are more likely to want to use shared activity to create intimacy. a. True b. False |
False
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relational message indicating liking
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affinity
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information that is not truthful, but thought to be harmless for the person being spoken to
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altruistic lie
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range of subjects and topics revealed to another
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breadth (of self-disclosure)
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a message that communicates information about the subject being discussed
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content messages
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interpersonal communication measured only by the number of people involved
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contextually interpersonal communication
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relational message of influence or power
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control
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the intensity or profoundness of topics revealed to another
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depth (of self-disclosure)
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model of communication that looks at stages of relationships
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developmental model
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model of relationship that emphasizes relational issues rather than stages
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dialectical model (of relational maintenance)
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conflicting desires or goals in a relationship
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dialectical tensions
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Which of these is a qualitative definition of interpersonal communication?
a. It involves two persons. b. It occurs in dyads. c. It involves each considering the other unique. d. It is characterized as group or mass communication. e. All of these are qualitative definitions. |
It involves each considering the other unique
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The existence of dialectical tensions in relationships tends to contribute toward
a. a tendency of absolute sequential movement through the stages of relationships. b. a tendency for back and forth movement across stages. c. a tendency to stagnate at one stage. d. All of these are correct. e. None of these are correct. |
a tendency for back and forth movement across stages
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Which is true of stages of relationships according to Knapp
a. Relationships always exist in many stages at a time. b. Circumscribing does not involve total avoidance. c. Stagnating is usually followed by bonding. d. The stage after bonding is integrating. e. The goal of all relational development is to get to the final stage. |
Circumscribing does not involve total avoidance
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Self-disclosure is often gauged by two factors:
a. depth and breadth. b. high and low. c. caring and respect. d. significance and privacy. e. stages and movement. |
depth and breadth
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You disclose to your parent the way you dumped your girl/boy friend in the hope that your parent will agree that you handled the situation well. This illustrates disclosure for which reason?
a. catharsis b. self-clarification c. self-validation d. reciprocity e. None of these are correct. |
self-validation
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In the film Breakfast Club, a group of teens are together for detention. One girl, Allison, seemingly self-discloses her bizarre sexual activity in an effort to get another teen, Claire, to disclose her sexual activity. Self-disclosing about oneself in an effort to get information from someone else may work because of which characteristic of self-disclosure?
a. Self-disclosure usually occurs in increments. b. Self-disclosure usually is reciprocal. c. Self-disclosure usually occurs in dyads. d. All of these are correct. e. None of these are correct. |
Self-disclosure usually is reciprocal
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Jourard wrote, '"when you permit yourself to be known, you expose yourself not only to a lover's balm, but also to a hater's bombs. When he knows you, he knows just where to plant them for maximum effect.' This statement relates to risks of
a. dialectical tensions. b. equivocation. c. self fulfilling prophecy. d. self disclosure. e. control. |
self disclosure
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Which is true of self-disclosure?
a. It is viewed essentially the same way around the world. b. It rarely occurs incrementally. c. It is strongly influenced by culture. d. It usually occurs in large groups rather than dyads. e. None of these are correct. |
It is strongly influenced by culture
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Which of these represents a type of dialectical tensions in relationships?
a. connection and autonomy b. openness and privacy c. predictability and novelty d. All of these are correct. e. None of these are correct. |
All of these are correct
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You say, 'SHUT THE DOOR!' in a loud, commanding, angry tone of voice or you say, 'Shut the door' with a softer voice, rising intonation to indicate a request. Which is true?
a. The content is essentially the same, but the relational message is different. b. The content and relational messages are the same. c. The relational message is essentially the same, but the content is different. d. The content and relational messages are both different. e. There is no relational message, but the content message is the same. |
The content is essentially the same, but the relational message is different
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A comment like, 'Let's talk about the way we talk to each other in front of my parents.' is most obviously a type of
a. metacommunication. b. self-disclosure. c. impersonal communication. d. dialectical tension. e. contextual definition. |
metacommunication
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Intimacy can best be defined as
a. physical. b. intellectual. c. emotional. d. shared activities. e. All of these are correct. |
All of these are correct
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Which of these is NOT one of the guidelines your text suggests for gauging appropriate self-disclosure?
a. Is the disclosure as in-depth as you can make it? b. Is the risk of disclosing reasonable? c. Is the other person important to you? d. Is the disclosure relevant? e. Is the disclosure understandable? |
Is the disclosure as in-depth as you can make it?
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The Johari Window is
a. a model of metacommunication. b. a model of self-disclosure. c. a model of relational stages. d. a model of contextual communication. e. None of these are correct. |
a model of self-disclosure
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15.
A Johari Window of someone who shares a lot of him-or herself with another and knows another well would be described like this: a. 4 equal-sided quadrants b. larger upper left quadrant c. larger lower right quadrant d. larger lower left quadrant e. larger upper right quadrant |
larger upper left quadrant
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The degree to which people like or appreciate one another. As with all relational messages, _____ is usually expressed nonverbally.
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affinity
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Deception intended to be unmalicious, or even helpful, to the person to whom it is told.
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altruistic lies
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The range of topics about which an individual discloses. See also Depth.
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breadth (of self-disclosure)
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A message that communicates information about the subject being discussed.
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content message
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Any communication that occurs between two individuals.
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contextually interpersonal communication
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The social need to influence others.
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control
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The level of personal information a person reveals on a particular topic.
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depth (of self-disclosure)
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These models propose that the nature of communication is different in various stages of interpersonal relationships.
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developmental models (of relational maintenance)
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A model claiming that, throughout their lifetime, people in virtually all interpersonal relationships must deal with equally important, simultaneous, and opposing forces such as connection and autonomy, predictability and novelty, and openness versus privacy.
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dialectical model (of relational maintenance)
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Inherent conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously.
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dialectical tensions
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Language with more than one likely interpretation.
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equivocal language
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The degree of interest and attraction we feel toward and communicate to others. As with all relational messages, immediacy is usually expressed nonverbally.
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immediacy
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A state of closeness between two (or sometimes more) people. _____ can be manifested in several ways: physically, intellectually, emotionally, and via shared activities.
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Intimacy
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A model that describes the relationship between self-disclosure and self-awareness.
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Johari Window
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Messages (usually relational) that refer to other messages; communication about communication.
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metacommunication
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Interaction in which people treat one another as unique individuals, regardless of the context in which the interaction occurs or the number of people involved. Contrasted with impersonal communication.
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qualitatively interpersonal communication
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A message that expresses the social relationship between two or more individuals.
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relational messages
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The degree to which we hold others in esteem.
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respect
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The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by others.
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self-disclosure
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A model describing how intimacy can be achieved via the breadth and depth of selfdisclosure.
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social penetration model
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Which type of gender related self-disclosure tends to produce the greatest amount and depth of information exchanged?
female to female male to female male to male none of the above |
female to female
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All of the following are qualities of intimacy EXCEPT:
Physiological Physical Intellectual Emotional |
Physiological
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According to Altman and Taylor, the degree of intimacy in a relationship depends on the:
depth of information shared breadth of information shared depth and breadth of information shared The nature of the information shared does not affect intimacy. |
depth and breadth of information shared
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is the amount of influence communicators seek.
Affinity Respect Immediacy Control |
Control
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Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for self-disclosure:
Is the other person important to you? Will the effect be constructive? Will the self-disclosure increase your power? Is the disclosure reciprocated? |
Will the self-disclosure increase your power?
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occurs when people treat one another as unique individuals, regardless of the context in which the interaction occurs or the number of people involved.
Qualitatively impersonal communication Qualitatively interpersonal communication Quantitatively interpersonal communication Quantitatively impersonal communication |
Qualitatively interpersonal communication
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Which culture expects more intimacy from their friendships?
Hispanic Japanese American British |
American
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A de-escalatory conflict spiral
refers to a positive, nondestructive climate. involves intense fights. refers to less involvement and greater withdrawal. produces greater involvement in the relationship. none of the above |
refers to less involvement and greater withdrawal.
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is the degree to which we admire others and hold them in esteem.
Affinity Respect Immediacy Control |
Respect
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Patrice is giving a speech in front of her class. She keeps shifting nervously back and forth. Patrice is not aware of her shifting but her classmates are. According to Johari’s Window, which window or area would this fall under?
the open area the hidden area the blind area the unknown area |
the blind area
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Recent research shows that women often build friendships through shared positive feelings, whereas men often build friendships through:
metacommunication catharsis impression management shared activities |
shared activities
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If you tell a friend you don’t have any money to lend him when in reality you do, you’re demonstrating which of the “reasons for lying?”
presenting a competent image increasing social desirability protecting resources acquiring resources |
protecting resources
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Which is NOT true of assertive communication?
It expresses feelings clearly and directly. It does not judge or dictate to others. It treats others with respect and dignity. It helps communicators maintain better feelings about themselves. It ensures communicators can always get what they want. |
It ensures communicators can always get what they want.
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A person from a low-context culture
will likely hint at a problem, rather than come right out and speak of it. will usually speak directly and assertively. will usually not say "no" right to another person's request. will not risk embarrassing the other person by direct talk. none of the above reflect a low-context cultural stance. |
will usually speak directly and assertively.
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Neutrality, as used by Gibb, is closest to
mean-spirited. unplanned. kind. indifferent. fair. |
indifferent.
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Your partner tells you, “You look nice in that outfit.” The implication that he or she likes you and is proud of the way you look is the ______ of the message.
content relational dimension dialectical intensifier equivocation |
?
content |
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Spontaneity, as used by Gibb, is closest to
spur-of-the-moment. unplanned. honesty. uncaring. fair. |
honesty.
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Which of these is NOT a confirming response?
praise compliment pseudolistening acknowledging all of the above |
pseudolistening
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The conflict resolution method and assertive message skills taught in this chapter would work well when communicating
in Asian cultures among Latin Americans in predominantly Euroamerican work environments all of the above none of the above |
in predominantly Euroamerican work environments
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Susan needs to be at class from 6-9 pm. Demetri needs to be at a meeting from 6:30-8:30. They have only one car. If Demetri drops Susan off at class and picks her up, so both get to be where they need to be, and it works better for Susan not to have to park in a student parking lot far from the class, this solution could be called
win-win. win-lose. compromise. lose-lose. none of the above |
win-win.
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Practicing the communication behaviors Gibb labels supportive, rather than those labeled defensive
increases the chance of a constructive relationship. increases the chance of more positive relationship if it is already positive, but decreases the chances of a positive relationship if it is already defensive. increases the chances of you feeling better about yourself with regard to this relationship. both b and c both a and c |
both a and c
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Crazymaking is synonymous with
assertion. nonassertion. indirect communication. passive aggression. direct aggression. |
passive aggression.
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According to Richard Conville, relationships constantly change, evolving as a cycle in which partners move through a series of stages, returning to ones they previously encountered. Which of the following is the correct cycle of stages?
disintegration, resynthesis, alienation, security security, alienation, disintegration, resynthesis alienation, security, resynthesis, disintegration security, disintegration, alienation, resynthesis |
security, disintegration, alienation, resynthesis
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Guiltmakers, jokers, trivial tyrannizers, and withholders are all engaged in behaviors called
assertion. nonassertion. crazymaking. indirect communication. direct aggression. |
crazymaking.
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Which of the following is an example of metacommunication?
“I hate it when you yell at me.” “Let’s go to the movies.” “Please bring me a paper.” “Stop doing that!” |
“I hate it when you yell at me.”
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describes the degree of interest and attraction we feel toward and communicate to others.
Affinity Respect Immediacy Control |
Affinity
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The characteristic of the relationship development model that states movement is always to a new place refers to the concept of communication as:
dynamic fulfilling irreversible manageable |
irreversible
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When using an assertive message, the text stresses that you
put the message in the order given in the text. put intentions first so you're not seen as manipulative. choose the best order for your particular situation and goal. keep each element in a separate sentence. c and d |
choose the best order for your particular situation and goal.
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Asif was having difficulty conversing with Janie in person. He found that making contact with her via the Internet helpful in starting a conversation with her. According to the developmental model, which stage is Asif at?
initiating stage intensifying stage integrating stage bonding stage |
initiating stage
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In the developmental model, which stage does the conversation develop as people get acquainted by making “small talk?”
initiating stage experimenting stage intensifying stage integrating stage |
initiating stage
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All of the following are strategies for managing dialectical tensions EXCEPT:
Admittance Denial Segmentation Alternation |
Denial
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All of the following are characteristics of effective self-disclosure EXCEPT:
Self-disclosure is influenced by culture Self-disclosure usually occurs in dyads Self-disclosure occurs at once Self-disclosure is usually symmetrical |
Self-disclosure occurs at once
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Which of these is NOT typical of a win-lose style?
courts awarding sole custody to one parent, when both want custody of a child. the World Series or Super Bowl the World Series or Super Bowl job sharing/flex time all indicate a win-lose style |
all indicate a win-lose style
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Most theorists believe that gender differences in conflict style stem from
biology/heredity. parental influence. school and society. socialization. all but a |
all but a
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is the degree to which people like or appreciate one another.
Affinity Respect Immediacy Control |
Affinity
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Accommodation and avoidance are both forms of
assertion. nonassertion. crazymaking. passive aggression. direct aggression. |
nonassertion.
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has two or more equally plausible meanings.
Equivocal language Denotative language Altruistic language Ambiguous language |
Equivocal language
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_____ to _____ relationships have the highest disclosure rate.
Male to male Male to female Female to female Female to male |
Female to female
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In which of the following countries is social harmony valued over truthfulness?
America Germany Japan Great Britain |
Japan
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_____ is the process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not be normally known by others.
Self discovery Self disclosure Self dialect Self analysis |
Self disclosure
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A Direct expression of the sender's needs, thoughts, or feelings, delivered in a way that does not attack the receiver's dignity.
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assertion
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Messages that dogmatically imply that the speaker's position is correct and that the other person's ideas are not worth considering. Likely to generate a defensive response.
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certainty
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The emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partners send and receive.
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communication climate
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An approach to conflict resolution in which both parties attain at least part of what they seek through self-sacrifice.
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compromise
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A response that conveys valuing, caring, and/or respecting another person.
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confirming response
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An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals.
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conflict
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Messages in which the sender tries to impose some sort of outcome on the receiver, usually resulting in a defensive reaction.
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controlling communication
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Passive-aggressive messages sent in indirect ways that frustrate and confuse the recipient.
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crazymaking
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A communication spiral in which the parties slowly lessen their dependence on one another, withdraw, and become less invested in the relationship.
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deescalatory conflict spiral
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Messages that describe the speaker's position without evaluating others. Synonymous with 'I' language.
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descriptive communication
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An expression of the sender's thoughts or feelings or both that attacks the position and dignity of the receiver.
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direct aggression
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A message that expresses a lack of caring or respect for another person.
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disconfirming response
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The ability to project oneself into another person's point of view, so as to experience the other's thoughts and feelings.
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empathy
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A type of supportive communication suggesting that the sender regards the receiver as worthy of respect.
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equality
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A reciprocal pattern of communication in which messages, either confirming or disconfirming, between two or more communicators reinforce one another.
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escalatory spiral
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Messages in which the sender judges the receiver in some way, usually resulting in a defensive response.
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evaluative communication
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Six sets of contrasting styles of verbal and nonverbal behavior. Each set describes a communication style that is likely to arouse defensiveness and a contrasting style that is likely to prevent or reduce it. Developed by Jack Gibb.
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Gibb categories
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Language that describes the speaker's position without evaluating others. Synonymous with Descriptive communication.
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'I' language
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Persuasion that disguises or deemphasizes the speaker's persuasive goal.
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indirect persuasion
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An approach to conflict resolution in which neither party achieves its goals.
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lose/lose problem solving
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A defense-arousing behavior in which the sender expresses indifference toward a receiver.
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neutrality
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The inability or unwillingness to express one's thoughts or feelings when necessary.
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nonassertion
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An indirect expression of aggression, delivered in a way that allows the sender to maintain a facade of kindness.
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passive aggression
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A supportive style of communication in which the communicators focus on working together to solve their problems instead of trying to impose their own solutions on one another.
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problem orientation
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A supportive style of communication in which the sender expresses a willingness to consider the other person's position.
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provisionalism
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Reciprocal communication pattern in which each person's message reinforces the other's.
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spiral
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Supportive communication behavior in which the sender expresses a message without any attempt to manipulate the receiver.
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spontaneity
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A defense-arousing style of communication in which the sender tries to manipulate or trick a receiver; also, the general term for any type of plan, as in the plan for a persuasive speech.
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strategy
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A defense-arousing style of communication in which the sender states or implies that the receiver is inferior.
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superiority
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An approach to conflict resolution in which one party reaches its goal at the expense of the other.
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win/lose problem solving
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An approach to conflict resolution in which the parties work together to satisfy all their goals.
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win/win problem solving
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Language that judges another person, increasing the likelihood of a defensive reaction.
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'you' language
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Communication climate is determined by the degree to which people feel they are ____________.
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valued
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____________ is the most distinguishing characteristic of win-lose problem solving.
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power
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In order to frame a conflict in such a way that a win-win solution is likely, it is necessary to think in terms of the ____________ of each person.
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needs
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"The worst sin toward our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that's the essence of inhumanity." This quotation by Shaw is closest to the Gibb category of ____________.
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neutrality
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In the age of e-mail, supercomputer power on the desktop, the Internet, and the raucous global village, attentiveness " a token of human kindness " is the greatest gift we can give someone." - Tom Peters, The Pursuit of WOW! This quotation is closest to what Gibb describes as ____________.
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empathy
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direct expression of needs, thoughts or feelings
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assertive
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messages that dogmatically imply that one's own position is correct and that the other's ideas are not worth considering
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certainty
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the emotional tone of a relationship
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communication climate
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an approach to conflict resolution in which both parties attain part of what they want and give up part of what they want
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compromise
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a general category of responses that express caring and respect
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confirming response
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an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in reaching their goals
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conflict
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message in which sender tries to impose some sort of outcome on the receiver
|
controlling message
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passive aggressive messages sent in indirect ways that frustrate and confuse the recipient
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crazymaking
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a communication spiral in which the parties become less interdependent and less invested in the relationship
|
de-escalatory conflict spiral
|
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messages that give an account of a speaker's position without evaluating others
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descriptive communication
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Which of these is NOT a confirming response?
a. praise b. compliment c. pseudolistening d. acknowledging e. All of these are correct. |
pseudolistening.
|
|
A de-escalatory conflict spiral
a. refers to a positive, nondestructive climate. b. involves intense fights. c. refers to less involvement and greater withdrawal. d. produces greater involvement in the relationship. e. None of these are correct. |
refers to less involvement and greater withdrawal.
|
|
Spontaneity, as used by Gibb, is closest to
a. spur-of-the-moment. b. unplanned. c. honesty. d. uncaring. e. fair. |
honesty.
|
|
Practicing the communication behaviors Gibb labels supportive, rather than those labeled defensive
a. increases the chance of a constructive relationship. b. increases the chance of more positive relationship if it is already positive, but decreases the chances of a positive relationship if it is already defensive. c. increases the chances of you feeling better about yourself with regard to this relationship. d. both b and c e. both a and c |
both a and c.
|
|
Neutrality, as used by Gibb, is closest to
a. mean-spirited. b. unplanned. c. kind. d. indifferent. e. fair. |
indifferent.
|
|
Accommodation and avoidance are both forms of
a. assertion. b. nonassertion. c. crazymaking. d. passive aggression. e. direct aggression. |
nonassertion.
|
|
Crazymaking is synonymous with
a. assertion. b. nonassertion. c. indirect communication. d. passive aggression. e. direct aggression. |
passive aggression.
|
|
Guiltmakers, jokers, trivial tyrannizers, and withholders are all engaged in behaviors called
a. assertion. b. nonassertion. c. crazymaking. d. indirect communication. e. direct aggression. |
crazymaking.
|
|
Which is NOT true of assertive communication?
a. It expresses feelings clearly and directly. b. It does not judge or dictate to others. c. It treats others with respect and dignity. d. It helps communicators maintain better feelings about themselves. e. It ensures communicators can always get what they want. |
It ensures communicators can always get what they want.
|
|
When using an assertive message, the text stresses that you
a. put the message in the order given in the text. b. put intentions first so you're not seen as manipulative. c. choose the best order for your particular situation and goal. d. keep each element in a separate sentence. e. c and d |
choose the best order for your particular situation and goal.
|
|
Most theorists believe that gender differences in conflict style stem from
a. biology/heredity. b. parental influence. c. school and society. d. socialization. e. all but a |
socialization.
|
|
The conflict resolution method and assertive message skills taught in this
a. in Asian cultures. b. among Latin Americans. c. in predominantly Euroamerican work environments. d. All of these are correct. e. None of these are correct. |
in predominantly Euroamerican work environments.
|
|
Which of these is NOT typical of a win-lose style?
a. courts awarding sole custody to one parent, when both want custody of a child. b. the World Series or Super Bowl c. political elections d. job sharing-flex time e. all indicate a win-lose style |
job sharing-flex time.
|
|
Susan needs to be at class from 6-9 pm. Demetri needs to be at a meeting from 6:30-8:30. They have only one car. If Demetri drops Susan off at class and picks her up, so both get to be where they need to be, and it works better for Susan not to have to park in a student parking lot far from the class, this solution could be called
a. win-win. b. win-lose. c. compromise. d. lose-lose. e. None of these are correct. |
win-win.
|
|
A person from a low-context culture
a. will likely hint at a problem, rather than come right out and speak of it. b. will usually speak directly and assertively. c. will usually not say 'no' right to another person's request. d. will not risk embarrassing the other person by direct talk. e. None of the above reflects a low-context cultural stance. |
will usually speak directly and assertively.
|
|
In order for 'expressed struggle' to exist, the struggle must be verbalized.
a. True b. False |
False.
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|
A communication climate is determined by the amount of talk that exists in a relationship.
a. True b. False |
False.
|
|
Conflict exists when there is expressed struggle, interdependence, perceived incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference with goals.
a. True b. False |
True.
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|
While culture and gender influence speech patterns, researchers have not found any gender or culture differences with regard to how persons view and handle conflict.
a. True b. False |
False.
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|
Win-win is the most widely used method of conflict resolution in our society.
a. True b. False |
False.
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|
Cynthia states to John, “I don’t care what you want for dinner! I want Mexican food tonight!” This is an example of what type of message?
controlling message descriptive message evaluative message problem orientation message |
?( This should be correct)
controlling message |
|
The text describes the need for providing “consequence statements” when delivering assertive messages. If Marco says to Darma, “I’m angry because you didn’t tell me about the annual report deadline. Now my boss is irritated with me for turning it in late.” Which part of Marco’s statement illustrates the consequence statement?
“I’m angry...” “...you didn’t tell me about the deadline...” “Now my boss is irritated with me...” none of the above |
“Now my boss is irritated with me...”
|
|
is the distinguishing characteristic in win-lose problem solving.
Struggle Collaboration Conflict Power |
Power
|
|
A nation that gains a military victory at the cost of thousands of lives is an example of:
compromise problem solving lose-lose problem solving win-lose problem solving win-win problem solving |
lose-lose problem solving
|
|
Intention statements can communicate all of the following kinds of messages EXCEPT
where you stand on an issue descriptions of how you plan to act in the future requests of others what happens to others |
what happens to others
|
|
is the inability or unwillingness to express thoughts or feelings in a conflict.
Direct aggression Nonassertion Passive aggression Indirect communication |
Nonassertion
|
|
Lee was having a conflict with a colleague at work. He tried to gain control by making her feel responsible for changing and accommodating in order to suit him better, by making little statements such as, “Well, I will do this job task, but it’s really your place to do it.” This is an example of:
direct aggression indirect communication passive aggression nonassertion |
passive aggression
|
|
When conflict exists in an interpersonal relationship and you ignore it, you are exhibiting:
indirect aggression assertion self-sufficiency nonassertive behavior |
nonassertive behavior
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|
According to the Gibb categories, _____ _____ is often described as “You Language.”
evaluative language control language certainty language superiority language |
evaluative language
|
|
Practicing the communication behaviors Gibb labels supportive, rather than those labeled defensive
increases the chance of a constructive relationship. increases the chance of more positive relationship if it is already positive, but decreases the chances of a positive relationship if it is already defensive. increases the chances of you feeling better about yourself with regard to this relationship. both b and c both a and c |
both a and c
|
|
According to Gibb, all of the following can create a defensive climate EXCEPT:
neutrality equality superiority strategy |
equality
|
|
All of the following is true about conflict EXCEPT:
There does not have to be expressed struggle There does not have to be perceived compatible goals There are perceived scarce rewards There is a sense of interdependence |
There does not have to be expressed struggle
|
|
A de-escalatory conflict spiral
refers to a positive, nondestructive climate. involves intense fights. refers to less involvement and greater withdrawal. produces greater involvement in the relationship. none of the above |
refers to less involvement and greater withdrawal.
|
|
All of the following are the positive levels of confirming communication EXCEPT:
recognition acknowledgement endorsement inattention |
inattention
|
|
In _____ orientation, communicators focus on finding a solution that satisfies both their needs and those of the others involved.
spiral problem control conflict |
problem
|
|
“You asked me to tell you what I really thought about your idea, and then when I gave it to you, you told me I was too critical.” This is an example of:
behavioral description a description of your feelings a description of the consequences your interpretation of the other person’s behavior |
your interpretation of the other person’s behavior
|
|
_____ is displaying verbal or nonverbal clues that minimize interest, closeness or availability.
Discounting Deception Nonimmediacy Restraint |
Nonimmediacy
|
|
According to the Gibb categories, _____ communication focuses on the speaker’s thoughts and feelings instead of judging the listener.
evaluative certainty descriptive neutral |
descriptive
|
|
Yelling “Shut up!” or “Get it yourself!” is an example of:
direct aggression indirect communication passive aggression nonassertion |
direct aggression
|
|
Neutrality, as used by Gibb, is closest to
mean-spirited. unplanned. kind. indifferent. fair. |
indifferent.
|
|
Crazymaking is synonymous with
assertion. nonassertion. indirect communication. passive aggression. direct aggression. |
passive aggression.
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|
Susan needs to be at class from 6-9 pm. Demetri needs to be at a meeting from 6:30-8:30. They have only one car. If Demetri drops Susan off at class and picks her up, so both get to be where they need to be, and it works better for Susan not to have to park in a student parking lot far from the class, this solution could be called
win-win. win-lose. compromise. lose-lose. none of the above |
win-win.
|
|
Most theorists believe that gender differences in conflict style stem from
biology/heredity. parental influence. school and society. socialization. all but a |
all but a
|
|
The conflict resolution method and assertive message skills taught in this chapter would work well when communicating
in Asian cultures among Latin Americans in predominantly Euroamerican work environments all of the above none of the above |
in predominantly Euroamerican work environments
|
|
All of the following are steps in negotiating a solution EXCEPT:
Generate a number of possible solutions Evaluate the alternative solutions Identify and define the solution Decide on the best solution |
?
Decide on the best solution |
|
All of the following are distancing tactics EXCEPT:
humoring endorsement deception discounting |
endorsement
|
|
Which is NOT true of assertive communication?
It expresses feelings clearly and directly. It does not judge or dictate to others. It treats others with respect and dignity. It helps communicators maintain better feelings about themselves. It ensures communicators can always get what they want. |
It ensures communicators can always get what they want.
|
|
According to Gibb, spontaneity can also be termed as:
honesty strategy neutrality indifference |
honesty
|
|
A person from a low-context culture
will likely hint at a problem, rather than come right out and speak of it. will usually speak directly and assertively. will usually not say "no" right to another person's request. will not risk embarrassing the other person by direct talk. none of the above reflect a low-context cultural stance. |
will usually speak directly and assertively.
|
|
Which of these is NOT a confirming response?
praise compliment pseudolistening acknowledging all of the above |
pseudolistening
|
|
Descriptive communication is characterized by:
evaluation its disconfirming effect “I” messages “You” messages |
“I” messages
|
|
Accommodation and avoidance are both forms of
assertion. nonassertion. crazymaking. passive aggression. direct aggression. |
nonassertion.
|
|
Spontaneity, as used by Gibb, is closest to
spur-of-the-moment. unplanned. honesty. uncaring. fair. |
honesty.
|
|
Which of these is NOT typical of a win-lose style?
courts awarding sole custody to one parent, when both want custody of a child. the World Series or Super Bowl the World Series or Super Bowl job sharing/flex time all indicate a win-lose style |
?
all indicate a win-lose style |
|
When using an assertive message, the text stresses that you
put the message in the order given in the text. put intentions first so you're not seen as manipulative. choose the best order for your particular situation and goal. keep each element in a separate sentence. c and d |
?
c and d |
|
All of the following are parts to an assertive message EXCEPT:
a behavioral description the person’s interpretation of your behavior a description of your feelings a description of the consequences |
?
a description of your feelings |
|
All of the following are steps in win-win problem solving EXCEPT:
identify their problem and met needs make a date to discuss describe your problem and needs your partner checks back to clarify what you have said |
identify their problem and met needs
|
|
Guiltmakers, jokers, trivial tyrannizers, and withholders are all engaged in behaviors called
assertion. nonassertion. crazymaking. indirect communication. direct aggression. |
crazymaking.
|
|
refers to the emotional tone of a relationship.
Communication climate Relational component Emotional climate Interpersonal component |
Communication climate
|
|
Which of the following is a difference between males’ behavior in mixed-sex groups and in all-male groups? In mixed-sex groups, males:
use less volume. are less aggressive. listen more carefully. ask more theoretical questions. |
?
ask more theoretical questions. |
|
A communication network in which all parties have equal access to one another.
|
all-channel network
|
|
A leadership style in which the designated leader uses legitimate, coercive, and reward power to dictate the group's actions.
|
authoritarian leadership style
|
|
A communication network in which information passes sequentially from one member to another.
|
chain network
|
|
The power to influence others by the threat or imposition of unpleasant consequences.
|
coercive power
|
|
A cultural orientation focusing on the welfare of the group as a whole, rather than a concern by individuals for their own success.
|
collectivistic orientation
|
|
Agreement between group members about a decision.
|
consensus
|
|
A style in which the nominal leader invites the group's participation in decision making.
|
democratic leadership style
|
|
Individual roles played by group members that inhibit the group's effective operation.
|
dysfunctional roles
|
|
The ability to influence others by virtue of one's perceived expertise on the subject in question.
|
expert power
|
|
A role assigned to a person by group members or an organization, usually to establish order.
|
formal role
|
|
Producers of mass messages, who determine what messages will be delivered to consumers, how those messages will be constructed, and when they will be delivered.
|
gatekeepers
|
|
A small collection of people whose members interact with each other, usually face to face, over time in order to reach goals.
|
group
|
|
Goals that a group collectively seeks to accomplish.
|
group goals
|
|
Individual goals that group members are unwilling to reveal.
|
hidden agenda
|
|
The motives of individual members that influence their behavior in groups.
|
individual goals
|
|
A cultural orientation focusing on the value and welfare of individual members, as opposed to a concern for the group as a whole.
|
individualistic orientation
|
|
Roles usually not explicitly recognized by a group that describe functions of group members, rather than their positions. Sometimes called 'functional roles.'
|
informal roles
|
|
The ability to influence others by virtue of the otherwise obscure information one possesses. See also Expert power.
|
information power
|
|
A style in which the designated leader gives up his or her formal role, transforming the group into a loose collection of individuals.
|
laissez-faire leadership style
|
|
A two-dimensional model that identifies leadership styles as combination of a concern for people and the task at hand.
|
Leadership Grid
|
|
The ability to influence a group owing to one's position in a group.
|
legitimate power
|
|
The person who is identified by title as the leader of a group.
|
nominal leader
|
|
Shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and procedures that govern a group's operation.
|
norms
|
|
The ability to influence others' thoughts and or actions.
|
power
|
|
The degree to which members are willing to accept a difference in power and status between members of a group.
|
power distance
|
|
Norms that describe rules for the group's operation.
|
procedural norms
|
|
The ability to influence others by virtue of the degree to which one is liked or respected.
|
referent power
|
|
The ability to influence others by the granting or promising of desirable consequences.
|
reward power
|
|
The patterns of behavior expected of group members.
|
roles
|
|
Explicit, officially stated guideline that governs group functions and member behavior.
|
rule
|
|
A theory that argues that the most effective leadership style varies according to leader-member relations, the nominal leader's power, and the task structure.
|
situational leadership
|
|
Group norms that govern the way members relate to one another. See also Task norms.
|
social norms
|
|
Individual goals that involve affiliation, influence, and esteem of others.
|
social orientation
|
|
Emotional roles concerned with maintaining smooth personal relationships among group members. Also termed Maintenance functions.
|
social roles
|
|
Graphic representation of the interaction patterns in a group.
|
sociogram
|
|
Group norms that govern the way members handle the job at hand.
|
task norms
|
|
Procedures to get the job done. The most obvious type of individual motive for belonging to a group.
|
task orientation
|
|
Roles group members take on in order to help solve a problem.
|
task roles
|
|
The belief that it is possible to identify leaders by personal traits, such as intelligence, appearance, or sociability.
|
trait theories of leadership
|
|
The cultural tendency to seek stability and honor tradition instead of welcoming risk, uncertainty, and change.
|
uncertainty avoidance
|
|
A communication pattern in which one person acts as a clearinghouse, receiving and relaying messages to all other members.
|
wheel network
|
|
Officially recognized and labeled behaviors, such as secretary, are known as ____________.
|
formal roles
|
|
Tasks or behaviors clearly operating but rarely acknowledged are called ____________.
|
informal roles
|
|
Important reasons for group membership, but reasons not always stated or recognized by members are called ____________.
|
social goals
|
|
An individual goal that is not made known to or shared with a group is a ____________.
|
hidden agenda
|
|
Unwritten rules that operate in groups are called ____________.
|
norms
|
|
network in which all parties have equal access to one another
|
all-channel network
|
|
network in which information passes sequentially from one member to another
|
chain network
|
|
cultural orientation focusing on the group as a whole, rather than a concern by individuals for their own success
|
collectivistic orientation
|
|
decision-making method in which group members discuss an issue until they reach agreement
|
consensus
|
|
individual roles of group members that inhibit the group's effectiveness
|
dysfunctional roles
|
|
Officially recognized and labeled behaviors that are expected of persons in a group, such as secretary and manager
|
formal roles
|
|
person through whom information flows
|
gatekeeper
|
|
small collection of individuals who interact over time to reach goals
|
group
|
|
objectives that a group collectively seeks to accomplish
|
group goals
|
|
group which seeks no goal of its own, but to promote individual members' personal development
|
growth group
|
|
Which is an essential part of the definition of a group?
a. individuals who interact verbally b. individuals who interact face-to-face c. individuals who interact over time. d. individuals who number at least five. e. All of these are correct. |
individuals who interact over time.
|
|
An investment group in which members join to understand and practice investing would be primarily a group.
a. learning b. growth c. problem-solving d. social e. None of these are correct. |
learning.
|
|
Group norms are best identified by
a. observing the habits of members. b. reading the by-laws. c. noting how members are punished for behaviors. d. both a and b e. both a and c |
both a and c.
|
|
A problem that occurs in groups with regard to roles is
a. an important informal role is not filled. b. several people vie for a particular role. c. a member(s) acts out a certain role when the situation doesn't require it. d. All of these can be problems in groups. e. None of these is a problem with regard to groups and roles. |
All of these can be problems in groups.
|
|
You can be a more valuable group member if you
a. look for missing roles; figure out what's not being done. b. fill or encourage others to fill missing roles. c. avoid role fixation when it is not helpful or needed. d. avoid dysfunctional roles. e. All of these are correct. |
All of these are correct.
|
|
One way to visually see who speaks to whom and how often is to construct a
a. sociogram. b. role research diagram. c. chain network. d. collectivistic culture. e. decision-making paradigm. |
sociogram.
|
|
Which network is described in this scenario? Jane stays at her desk and by her phone most of the workday. When others leave, they usually tell her. When Marcy is trying to reach Juan, but Juan is away from his desk, Marcy asks Jane to give Juan a message when he returns. Since Jane can see the other desks and is frequently asked to relay messages, she is performing the role of
a. chain network. b. sociogram. c. gatekeeper. d. collectivistic orientation. e. uncertainty avoider. |
gatekeeper.
|
|
Which network is represented in the following diagram? Driver---Dispatcher---Terminal manager----General manager
a. wheel b. chain c. all-channel d. y-channel e. None of these are correct. |
chain.
|
|
In a wheel network, the gatekeeper
a. may distort messages to the detriment of the group. b. may facilitate communication between members with strained relations. c. is usually easily available and accessible to all members. d. Only b and c are correct. e. All of these are correct. |
All of these are correct.
|
|
The major drawback of decision by consensus is
a. it's undemocratic. b. full participation in decision-making decreases commitment to support the decision. c. it is impossible to use expert opinion. d. it takes a great deal of time. e. members don't get as involved emotionally as with other methods. |
it takes a great deal of time.
|
|
A group decision by minority often refers to a decision by
a. a group of rabble rousers. b. committee. c. a small group of external experts. d. autocratic leaders. e. None of these are correct. |
committee.
|
|
The best decision-making method depends on
a. the culture. b. the importance of the decision. c. the amount of time available. d. the type of decision. e. All of these are correct. |
All of these are correct.
|
|
Usually members of individualistic cultures
a. produce and reward 'stars.' b. find consensus easy to achieve. c. see their primary loyalty to groups. d. are found in Asian and Latin American cultures. e. are indirect. |
produce and reward 'stars.'
|
|
U.S. cultures tend to
a. have a low power distance. b. have high uncertainty avoidance. c. be collectivistic. d. have high social orientation. e. None of these are correct. |
have a low power distance.
|
|
In a society with high power distance
a. leaders are not readily accepted and respected. b. group members are not likely to feel they need a leader. c. group members expect leaders to act like equals to all. d. All of these are correct. e. None of these are correct. |
None of these are correct.
|
|
Any time you are surrounded by other people, you are part of at least one group.
a. True b. False |
False
|
|
Majority rule decisions are usually of higher quality than any other kind of decision.
a. True b. False |
False
|
|
A decision by consensus means a vote of 51 percent or more.
a. True b. False |
False
|
|
Gatekeepers serve a vital communication function in a wheel network.
a. True b. False |
True
|
|
Role fixation occurs when a person enacts the same role in groups whether or not it is a needed or functional for that context.
a. True b. False |
True
|
|
A method for creatively generating ideas in groups by minimizing criticism and encouraging a large quantity of ideas without regard to their workability or ownership by individual members.
|
brainstorming
|
|
A group discussion strategy used when the number of members is too large for effective discussion.
|
buzz group
|
|
The totality of forces that causes members to feel themselves part of a group and makes them want to remain in that group.
|
cohesiveness
|
|
A stage in problem-solving groups when members openly defend their positions and question those of others.
|
conflict stage
|
|
A stage in problem solving when the group moves from conflict toward a single solution.
|
emergence phase
|
|
Used in market research by sponsoring organizations to survey potential users or the public at large regarding a new product or idea.
|
focus group
|
|
A method of problem analysis that identifies the forces contributing to resolution of the problem and the forces that inhibit its resolution.
|
force field analysis
|
|
A discussion format in which audience members are invited to add their comments to those of the official discussants.
|
forum
|
|
A group's collective striving for unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals of alternatives to its chosen decision.
|
groupthink
|
|
Decline in efficiency that occurs when the rate of complexity of material is too great to manage.
|
information overload
|
|
Decline in efficiency that occurs when there is a shortage of the information that is necessary to operate effectively.
|
information underload
|
|
Method for including the ideas of all group members in a problem-solving session.
|
nominal group technique
|
|
A stage in problem-solving groups when members become familiar with one another's position and tentatively volunteer their own.
|
orientation stage
|
|
A discussion format in which participants consider a topic more or less conversationally, without formal procedural rules. Panel discussions may be facilitated by a moderator.
|
panel discussion
|
|
A problem-solving method in which specific rules govern the way issues may be discussed and decisions made.
|
parliamentary procedure
|
|
Development of solutions with input by the people who will be affected.
|
participative decision making
|
|
Used to equalize participation in groups when the goal is to identify important issues or problems. Members first put ideas on cards, which are then compiled by a leader to generate a comprehensive statement of the issue or problem.
|
problem census
|
|
A stage in problem-solving groups when members endorse the decision they have made.
|
reinforcement stage
|
|
A discussion format in which participants divide the topic in a manner that allows each member to deliver in-depth information without interruption.
|
symposium
|
|
Listing all of the items that would help and that would hinder a group in solving a problem is called ____________.
|
force field analysis
|
|
A technique that works to get many people's ideas out in group problem-solving is called ____________.
|
nominal group technique
|
|
Excessive cohesiveness that often results in poor decision-making is called ____________.
|
groupthink
|
|
Group problem-solving works best if the members have tasks that are ____________.
|
interdependent
|
|
In most groups, ____________ is conferred by the group and distributed among its members.
|
power
|
|
In most cases, groups produce more and higher quality solutions to problems than do individuals working alone.
a. True b. False |
True
|
|
In the emergence stage of problem solving, groups resolve their disagreements and solve their problem.
a. True b. False |
True
|
|
Groupthink refers to the ideal level of cohesion.
a. True b. False |
False
|
|
Participative decision-making often produces members less likely to accept solutions and less committed to the decision than non-participative decision-making.
a. True b. False |
False
|
|
If there is more than one decision or solution, it is best not to have a group tackle the problem; groups do better with problems that have a single answer.
a. True b. False |
False
|
|
creative way of generating a large number of ideas without criticism or ownership
|
brainstorming
|
|
subgroups (of a group too large for effective discussion) that simultaneously discuss an issue.
|
buzz groups
|
|
forces that cause members to feel part of a group and desire to remain in the group
|
cohesiveness
|
|
A group stage in which members defend their positions and criticize other positions
|
conflict stage
|
|
A group stage in which members move from conflict to solution
|
emergence stage
|
|
group formed to conduct market or other research
|
focus group
|
|
method of problem analysis that identifies the forces contributing to resolution of the problem and the forces that inhibit its resolution
|
force field analysis
|
|
discussion format in which audience members are invited to add their comments to those of official panelists
|
forum
|
|
group's striving for unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals of alternatives
|
groupthink
|
|
decline in efficiency that occurs when the complexity of information is too great to manage
|
information overload
|
|
Groups are often effective in problem-solving because they exhibit all of these EXCEPT
a. greater resources. b. greater accuracy. c. greater commitment. d. greater speed. e. Groups have none of these advantages. |
greater speed.
|
|
Which question should be asked when trying to decide whether to use a group or individual approach to problem solving?
a. Is the job beyond the capacity of one person? b. Are the individual's tasks interdependent? c. Is there more than one decision or solutions? d. Is there potential for disagreement? e. All of these are valid questions to ask when deciding whether to use a group or individual approach. |
All of these are valid questions to ask when deciding whether to use a group or individual approach.
|
|
Which type of problem-solving format is likely to use Robert's Rules of Order?
a. parliamentary procedure b. panel discussion c. symposium d. forum e. Each of these typically follows Robert's Rules. |
parliamentary procedure.
|
|
Which step is the first step in the structured problem-solving approach?
a. analyze the problem b. develop creative solutions c. implement the plan d. identify the problem e. evaluate the solutions |
identify the problem.
|
|
Identifying specific tasks, determining necessary resources, defining individual responsibilities, and providing for emergencies are all part of which step of structured problem solving?
a. analyze the problem b. develop creative solutions c. implement the plan d. identify the problem e. evaluate the solutions |
implement the plan.
|
|
Which of these is a probative question?
a. Should we buy Macs or IBMs? b. What will we gain from new computer systems? c. Will the computers be paid for with cash or purchase orders? d. Resolved, that our company should purchase new computers. e. All of these fall within the parameters of probative questions. |
What will we gain from new computer systems?
|
|
Probative questions and force field analysis are part of which step?
a. analyze the problem b. develop creative solutions c. implement the plan d. identify the problem e. evaluate the solutions |
analyze the problem.
|
|
Brainstorming guidelines include all of the following EXCEPT
a. no criticism. b. encourage freewheeling. c. state your opposition clearly. d. seek quantity. e. combine and piggyback. |
state your opposition clearly.
|
|
The difference between nominal group technique and brainstorming is that
a. nominal groups allow members to work alone first. b. brainstorming allows criticism, nominal group doesn't. c. nominal groups seek quantity, brainstorming seeks quality. d. brainstorming involves ranking ideas; nominal groups don't rank. e. None of these is a difference. |
nominal groups allow members to work alone first.
|
|
Evaluating progress and revising the group's approach are part of which step?
a. analyze the problem b. develop creative solutions c. implement the plan d. follow up on the solution e. evaluate the solutions |
follow up on the solution.
|
|
Which is true of the reinforcement stage of group problem-solving?
a. Members take strong positions and defend them. b. Members are reluctant to take a stand. c. Members approach consensus and back off dogmatic positions. d. Members find reasons to endorse and support the decision. e. None of these describes the reinforcement stage. |
Members find reasons to endorse and support the decision.
|
|
Comments such as, 'There are probably several ways we could approach this,' and 'I wonder what would happen if we tried a new computer system.' are typical of which stage?
a. orientation b. conflict c. emergence d. reinforcement e. These comments are typical of each stage. |
orientation.
|
|
There may be a lot of in-fighting within an organization, but when a perceived outside threat confronts the organization, the result is often
a. organizational ineffectiveness. b. increased cohesiveness. c. decreased cohesiveness. d. contradictory feelings toward group leaders. e. None of these are correct. |
increased cohesiveness.
|
|
Which of these is true of power?
a. Power is conferred by a group; it is not an individual possession. b. Power is distributed among group members; many members have different kinds of power. c. Power is usually a matter of degree, not an all or nothing proposition. d. All of these are true. e. None of these are true. |
All of these are true.
|
|
You like getting invited to the boss's office often and getting to spend time sharing ideas with her. The fact that she can grant this time may represent a type of
a. coercive power. b. reward power. c. expert power. d. referent power. e. legitimate power. |
reward power.
|
|
A sense of belonging and being liked by others are related to:
group task orientation group social orientation individual task orientation individual social orientation |
individual social orientation
|
|
Which network is described in this scenario? Jane stays at her desk and by her phone most of the workday. When others leave, they usually tell her. When Marcy is trying to reach Juan, but Juan is away from his desk, Marcy asks Jane to give Juan a message when he returns. Since Jane can see the other desks and is frequently asked to relay messages, she is performing the role of
chain network sociogram gatekeeper collectivistic orientation uncertainty avoider |
gatekeeper
|
|
An all channel network, a wheel network, and a chain network are all examples of:
a matrix caliper a total mode a sociogram a group regenerator |
a sociogram
|
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Which is an essential part of the definition of a group?
individuals who interact verbally individuals who interact face-to-face individuals who interact over time. individuals who number at least five. all of the above. |
individuals who interact over time.
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Advantage(s) of virtual groups include:
status is leveled or less important among members. speed and ease of meeting. reduced costs. all of the above none of the above |
all of the above
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___________________ govern the relationship of members to each other.
Social norms Task norms Formal norms Procedural norms |
Social norms
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All of the following are countries considered to have a low uncertainty avoidance EXCEPT:
U.S.A India Japan Singapore |
Japan
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Members of collectivistic cultures are more likely to:
tolerate conflict be team players use a solution-oriented approach gain their identity from their accomplishments |
be team players
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___________________ focus on how the job itself should be handled.
Social norms Task norms Formal norms Procedural norms |
Task norms
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Societies with low uncertainty avoidance
are willing to take risks. accept change readily. see conflict as natural. all of the above none of the above |
all of the above
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All of the following are examples of task roles EXCEPT:
initiator information seeker opinion seeker gatekeeper |
gatekeeper
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Which of the following decision-making methods call for the greatest need of communication skill?
majority control consensus expert opinion authority rule |
consensus
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An investment group in which members join to understand and practice investing would be primarily a group.
learning growth problem-solving social none of the above |
?
growth |
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___________________ is the approach most often used by autocratic leaders.
Minority control Expert opinion Consensus Authority rule |
Authority rule
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___________________ refers to the degree to which members are willing to accept a difference in power between members of a group.
Power influx Power distance Authority control Power avoidance |
Power distance
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“Deserter,” “Dominator,” “Recognition Seeker,” and “Aggressor” are all examples of:
task roles social roles dysfunctional roles all the above |
dysfunctional roles
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One way to visually see who speaks to whom and how often is to construct a/an
sociogram role research diagram chain network collectivistic culture decision-making paradigm |
sociogram
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Every Sunday evening Lana’s family hashes out their schedules, their conflicts, whose turn it is to handle which chores, and so on. This group best illustrates:
a problem-solving group a dysfunctional group a chain network all the above |
a problem-solving group
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In a society with high power distance
leaders are not readily accepted and respected. group members are not likely to feel they need a leader. group members expect leaders to act like equals to all. all of the above none of the above |
none of the above
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___________________ outline how the group should operate.
Social norms Task norms Formal norms Procedural norms |
Procedural norms
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Which network is represented in the following diagram?
Driver---Dispatcher---Terminal manager----General manager wheel chain all-channel y-channel none of the above |
chain
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The major drawback of decision by consensus is
The major drawback of decision by consensus is full participation in decision-making decreases commitment to support the decision. it is impossible to use expert opinion. it takes a great deal of time. members don't get as involved emotionally as with other methods. |
it takes a great deal of time.
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All of the following countries are considered to be concerned more with high task orientation EXCEPT:
Portugal Japan Austria Mexico |
Portugal
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U.S. cultures tend to
have a low power distance. have high uncertainty avoidance. be collectivistic. have high social orientation. none of the above |
have a low power distance.
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All of the following are factors that help form a group EXCEPT:
interaction independence time size |
size
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___________________ is the most obvious type of individual motive for belonging to a group.
Task orientation Group orientation Social orientation Goal orientation |
Task orientation
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Usually members of individualistic cultures
produce and reward "stars." find consensus easy to achieve. see their primary loyalty to groups. are found in Asian and Latin American cultures. are indirect. |
produce and reward "stars."
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___________________societies are characterized by a focus on making the team more competent through training and the use of up-to-date methods.
Task-oriented Social-oriented Short-term-oriented Long-term-oriented |
Task-oriented
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A problem that occurs in groups with regard to roles is
an important informal role is not filled. several people vie for a particular role. a member(s) acts out a certain role when the situation doesn't require it. all of the above can be problems in groups. None of these is a problem with regard to groups and roles. |
all of the above can be problems in groups.
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A ___________________ reconciles disagreements, mediates differences, and reduces tensions by giving group members a chance to explore their differences.
conciliator harmonizer gatekeeper feeling expresser |
harmonizer
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A committee deciding on the best candidate to hire for a position would be considered which type of group?
Growth group Problem-solving group Learning group Social group |
Problem-solving group
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In a wheel network, the gatekeeper
may distort messages to the detriment of the group. may facilitate communication between members with strained relations. is usually easily available and accessible to all members. both b and c all of the above |
all of the above
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Rochelle is secretly resentful that the group did not choose her as their leader, but instead selected Joachim. As a result she is overly critical of the suggestions made by Joachim during their discussions. Rochelle’s behavior illustrates:
social role hidden agenda a virtual group a chain network |
hidden agenda
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Which of the following are advantages of “virtual groups”?
meet whenever necessary, even if members are widely separated fast and easy getting together leveling of status differences all of the above |
all of the above
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An all-channel communication network will be more efficient than a wheel network in:
providing the leader with more information than other members solving simple, routine tasks solving complex, ambiguous tasks finding one member to serve as a clearinghouse for information |
solving complex, ambiguous tasks
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A bible study group would be best classified as which type of group?
Growth group Problem-solving group Learning group Social group |
Learning group
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You can be a more valuable group member if you
look for missing roles; figure out what's not being done. fill or encourage others to fill missing roles. avoid role fixation when it is not helpful or needed. avoid dysfunctional roles all of the above |
all of the above
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The role of gatekeeper is most influential in the ___________________ network.
circular all-channel chain wheel |
wheel
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A ___________________ is a communication pattern in which one person acts as a clearinghouse, receiving and relaying messages to all other members.
chain network gate keeping network wheel network spiral network |
wheel network
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A group decision by minority often refers to a decision by
a group of rabble rousers. committee. a small group of external experts. autocratic leaders. none of the above |
committee.
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Group norms are best identified by
observing the habits of members reading the by-laws noting how members are punished for behaviors both a and b both a and c |
both a and c
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The best decision-making method depends on
the culture. the importance of the decision. the amount of time available. the type of decision. all of the above. |
all of the above.
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_____ leadership style relies on legitimate, coercive, and reward power to influence others.
Laissez-faire Democratic Authoritarian Situational |
Authoritarian
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Which of the following is not part of the “develop creative solutions” phase of problem solving?
Encourage “freewheeling” ideas. Develop a large number of ideas. Combine two or more individual ideas. Relate group goals to possible solutions. |
Relate group goals to possible solutions.
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Evaluating progress and revising the group's approach are part of which step?
analyze the problem develop creative solutions implement the plan follow up on the solution evaluate the solutions |
follow up on the solution
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According to the Nominal Group Technique, all of the following steps should be followed to enhance the brainstorming phase EXCEPT:
members work together to develop a list of possible solutions in a round-robin fashion, each member lists one of the possible solutions each member privately ranks his or her choice of the ideas in order have a free discussion of the top ideas held |
members work together to develop a list of possible solutions
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All of the following are advantages to solving problems in groups EXCEPT:
They provide more accuracy They provide more resources They create a stronger sense of commitment They solve problems faster |
They solve problems faster
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In a panel discussion the leader is called a (an):
moderator organizer manager facilitator |
moderator
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According to the Leadership Grid, which type of management style is the best management style to strive for?
team management country club management impoverished management authority obedience |
team management
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You like getting invited to the boss's office often and getting to spend time sharing ideas with her. The fact that she can grant this time may represent a type of
coercive power. reward power. expert power. referent power. legitimate power. |
reward power.
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All of the following are factors that increase the goal of cohesiveness EXCEPT:
Shared or compatible goals Lack of perceived threat between members Independence between members Mutual perceived attractiveness and friendship |
Independence between members
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_____ power is also known as position power.
Nominal Reward Referent Legitimate |
Legitimate
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Which of the following should be the first task of a problem-solving group?
define the problem analyze the problem decide upon all the group’s norms offer solutions to the problem |
define the problem
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Which of these is a probative question?
Should we buy Macs or IBMs? What will we gain from new computer systems? Will the computers be paid for with cash or purchase orders? Resolved, that our company should purchase new computers. All of the above fall within the parameters of probative questions. |
What will we gain from new computer systems?
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Which of the following would NOT be included in the structured problem solving process?
the reflective thinking technique the nominal group technique the ideal-solution technique none of the above |
the ideal-solution technique
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Which question should be asked when trying to decide whether to use a group or individual approach to problem solving?
Is the job beyond the capacity of one person? Are the individual's tasks interdependent? Is there more than one decision or solutions? Is there potential for disagreement? All of the above are valid questions to ask when deciding whether to use a group or individual approach. |
All of the above are valid questions to ask when deciding whether to use a group or individual approach.
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Probative questions and force field analysis are part of which step?
analyze the problem develop creative solutions implement the plan identify the problem evaluate the solutions |
analyze the problem
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Fisher’s four-stage group decision-making process shows that the stages of a problem-solving group are:
confusing preplanned linear cyclical |
cyclical
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Which step is the first step in the structured problem-solving approach?
analyze the problem develop creative solutions implement the plan identify the problem evaluate the solutions |
identify the problem
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Which type of problem-solving format is likely to use Robert's Rules of Order?
parliamentary procedure panel discussion symposium forum Each of these typically follows Robert's Rules. |
parliamentary procedure
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The difference between nominal group technique and brainstorming is that
nominal groups allow members to work alone first. brainstorming allows criticism, nominal group doesn't. nominal groups seek quantity, brainstorming seeks quality. brainstorming involves ranking ideas; nominal groups don't rank. None of these is a difference. |
nominal groups allow members to work alone first.
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Identifying specific tasks, determining necessary resources, defining individual responsibilities, and providing for emergencies are all part of which step of structured problem solving?
analyze the problem develop creative solutions implement the plan identify the problem evaluate the solutions |
implement the plan
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DeShawn is the captain of the scholastic team. The team was at tournament when one of team members went into a seizure. Nyia was certified in first aid, so she became the leader of the group during this crisis. Even though DeShawn was the group leader, what type of power was Nyia exhibiting?
Referent power Information power Coercive power Expert power |
Expert power
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Which of these is true of power?
Power is conferred by a group; it is not an individual possession. Power is distributed among group members; many members have different kinds of power. Power is usually a matter of degree, not an all or nothing proposition. All of these are true. None of these are true. |
All of these are true.
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The Leadership Grid looks at the relationship between a leader's concern for
referent and expert power issues. democratic and authoritarian issues. task and relational issues. cohesiveness and interdependence. none of the above |
task and relational issues.
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Which is true of the reinforcement stage of group problem-solving?
Members take strong positions and defend them. Members are reluctant to take a stand. Members approach consensus and back off dogmatic positions. Members find reasons to endorse and support the decision. None of these describes the reinforcement stage. |
Members find reasons to endorse and support the decision.
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Robert actually is enjoying his group project in speech class. Everyone seems to listen to everyone else, and they all take part in finding solutions to the problem they are working on. Robert is surprised at how committed he is to these solutions. His commitment demonstrates the principle of:
reactive decision making proactive decision making interdependent decision making participative decision making |
participative decision making
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All of the following are steps to John Dewey’s “reflective thinking” model EXCEPT:
Identify the problem Analyze the solution Develop possible creative solutions through brainstorming Evaluate solutions |
Analyze the solution
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Groups are often effective in problem-solving because they exhibit all of these EXCEPT
greater resources. greater accuracy. greater commitment. greater speed. Groups have none of the above advantages. |
greater speed.
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Leadership is often examined in terms of
trait analysis. leadership style. situational variables. all of the above none of the above |
all of the above
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According to the Leadership Grid, which type of management style has a very high concern for people and a very low concern for production?
team management country club management impoverished management authority obedience |
country club management
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According to Dewey’s “reflective thinking” model, in the second step, analyzing the problem, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:
identify specific tasks word the problem as a probative question gather relevant information identify impelling and restraining forces |
identify specific tasks
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A leadership style that is laid back and not very involved is
authoritarian. democratic. laissez-faire. trait analysis. none of the above |
laissez-faire.
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Comments such as, "There are probably several ways we could approach this," and "I wonder what would happen if we tried a new computer system." are typical of which stage?
orientation conflict emergence reinforcement These comments are typical of each stage. |
orientation
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All of the following are criteria of brainstorming EXCEPT:
freewheeling is encouraged combination and improvement are desirable criticism is forbidden quality is better than quantity of ideas |
quality is better than quantity of ideas
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Group think occurs when:
there is little dissent the group strives for unanimity members do not voice ideas that deviate from the consensus all of the above |
all of the above
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According to Fisher, in the ______ stage members approach the problem and one another tentatively.
conflict orientation emergence |
orientation
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In a _____ participants divide the topic in a manner that allows each member to deliver in-depth information without interruption.
focus group panel discussion symposium buzz group |
symposium
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“Reflective thinking” refers to:
systematic problem solving communication patterns brainstorming a leadership strategy |
systematic problem solving
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A _____ is used as a market research tool to enable sponsoring organizations to learn how potential users or the public at large regards a new product or idea.
focus group buzz group problem census symposium |
focus group
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Information overload
contributes to the quality of group decisions by having more information. can be detrimental to a group. is less and less a problem for groups who gather research well. is usually less paralyzing to a group than information underload. is unheard of in today's information age. |
can be detrimental to a group.
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A _____ allows nonmembers to add their opinions to the group’s deliberations before the group makes a decision.
focus group forum panel discussion symposium |
forum
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Fiedler’s theory of leadership that recommends a leader’s style should change with the circumstances is labeled:
emergent situational fluid laissez-faire |
situational
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Fiedler’s theory of leadership that recommends a leader’s style should change with the circumstances is labeled:
emergent situational fluid laissez-faire |
situational
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There may be a lot of in-fighting within an organization, but when a perceived outside threat confronts the organization, the result is often
organizational ineffectiveness. increased cohesiveness. decreased cohesiveness. contradictory feelings toward group leaders. none of the above |
increased cohesiveness.
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When your group has too much information it experiences:
information overload information underload lack of cohesion group think |
information overload
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Brainstorming guidelines include all of the following EXCEPT
no criticism. encourage freewheeling. state your opposition clearly. seek quantity. combine and piggyback. |
state your opposition clearly.
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