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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
NH3 from N2 (commercially)
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N2 + 3H2 (400-500 C, 100-1000 atm, Fe/AlO3/K20) -> 2NH3
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HNO3 from NH3 (commercially)
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4NH3 + 5O2 (1000 c, Pt) -> 4NO + 6H2O
2NO + O2 -> 2NO2 3NO2 + H2O -> 2HNO3 + NO |
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H2SO4 FROM S8 (COMMERCIALLY)
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S8 + 8O2 -> 8 SO2
2SO2 + O2 (D, V205) -> 2SO3 SO3 + H20 -> H2SO4 |
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Cl2
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2 NaCl(l) -> (elect.) Cl2 + 2Na
or 2 Cl- + 2H2O -> (elect.) Cl2 + H2 + 2OH- |
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Si
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SiO2 + 2C (D) -> Si + 2 CO
Si + 2Cl2 -> SiCl4 SiCl4 + 2H2 -> Si + 4HCl (last 2 steps are purification) |
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XeO3 from Xe (any scale)
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Xe + 3 F2 -> XeF6
XeF6 + 3H2O -> XeO3 + 6HF |
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Br2 (any scale)
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2 Br- + Cl2 -> Br2 + 2 Cl-
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P4 (any scale)
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2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 SiO2 (D) -> P4O10 + 6 CaSiO3
P4O10 + 10 C (D) -> P4 + 10 CO |
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IF3 (any scale)
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I2 + 3 F2 -> 2 IF3
or I2 + 5F2 -> 2IF5 3IF5 + I2 -> 5IF3 |
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B2H6 (any scale)
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8BF3 + 6 LiH -> 6LiBF4 + B2H6
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Sn (any scale)
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SnO2 + 2C (D)-> Sn + 2CO
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SO2Cl2 + 2H2O ->
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H2SO4 + 2 HCl
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SiH4 + 2O2 ->
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SiO2 + 2 H2O
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NOF3 + AsF5 ->
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[NOF2]+ [AsF6]-
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SO3 + H2O ->
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H2SO4
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N2O4 (heated) ->
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2NO2
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CN- + S8 ->
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8 SCN-
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closo
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n vertices; n+1 e- pairs
[BnHn]2- |
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nido
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n-1 vertices; n+1 e- pairs
[BnHn+4] |
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arachno
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n-2 vertices; n+1 e- pairs
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"s"
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=q-x=p-t=2y+x
(BH)p(H)q BpH(p+q) |
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Pb synthesis
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2PbS + 3O2 -> 2PbO + 2SO2
PbO + C -> Pb + CO |
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Recovery of Al from bauxite
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bauxite + OH- -> Al(OH)4- + Fe2O3(s) +...
Al(OH)4- + CO2 -> CO3(2-) + 2Al(OH)3 (s) + H2O Al2O3 + 3C -> (elect., Na3AlF6(l)) 4 Al + 3 CO2 |
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Recovery of B from Borax
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Na2B4O5(OH)4.8H2O + H2SO4 -> 4B(OH)3 + Na2SO4 + H2O
2B(OH)3 (D)-> B2O3 + 3H20 B2O3 + 3 Mg (D)-> 2B + 3MgO 2B + 3Br2 -> 2BBr3 3BBr3 + 3H2 (D)-> 2B + 6HBr |
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preparation of N2 (3 ways)
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2NaN3 (D)-> 2Na + 3N2
NH4NO2 (D)-> N2 + 2H2O 2NH4NO3 (D)-> 2N2 + O2 + 4H2O |
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preparation of As (from As2O3)
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As2O3 + C -> As + CO
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Preparation of Bi (from Bi2S3)
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Bi2S3 + O2 (D)-> Bi2O3
Bi2O3 + C (D)-> Bi + CO |
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Preparation of O2 (2 ways)
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2KClO3 (MnO2, D)-> 3O2 + 2KCl
2H2O2 (MnO2 or Pt) -> O2 + H2O |
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Mining S
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2H2S + O2 -> 2H2O + 2"S"
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Preparation of F2
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CaF2 + H2SO4 (D)-> CaSO4 + HF
HF + KF -> K(HF2) 2KHF2 (elect.) -> 2KF + H2 + F2 (must keep H2 and F2 separated or they will recombine to form HF!) |
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I2
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Cl2 + 2I- -> I2 + 2 Cl-
(I2 and Br2 prepared the same way) |
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Thermite process
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2Al + Fe2O3 -> Al2O3 + 2 Fe
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Hydroformylation
general rxn. & catalyst |
alkenes -> aldehydes
RCh=CH2 + H2 + CO -> RCH2CH2CHO catalyst = HCo(CO)4 (subtract a CO, add alkene, add CO, add H2, lose aldehyde) |
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Zeigler-Natta polymerization
catalyst |
R3Al + TiCl4
(use TiCl4R) |
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Monsanto acetic acid synthesis:
overall rxn. and catalyst |
MeOH + CO -> MeCO2H
catalyst: Rh(I)2(CO)2 (side cycle of H2O and HI) |
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Hydrogenation - Wilkinson's catalyst
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RhCl(PP3)3
(lose PP3, add H2, add alkene, make alkane, lose alkane) |
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Wacher process
general rxn. and catalyst |
ethene to acetaldehyde
CH2=CH2 + 1/2 O2 -> CH3CHO catalyst = PdCl4 2- (side cyle 2Cu+ -> 2Cu 2+, 1/2)2 + 2H+ -> H2O) * position of alcohol changes (1o to 2o) |
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[Rh(CO)4]+ , [Pd(CO)4]2+, [Pt(CO)4]2+
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square planar
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Ni(CO)4, Cu(CO)4 + , [Co(CO)4]-, [Fe(CO)4]2-
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tetrahedral
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Fe(CO)5, [Co(CO)5]+, [Mn(CO)5]-
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trigonal bipyramidal
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[Mn(CO)5]- in Ph2P+ salt
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square based pyramidal
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