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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the important arboviruses?
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Flavi, Toga (alpha genus), Bunya, and Reo (colti genus)
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Describe the genome and structure of the flaviviruses and name the important members of this family
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It is a +ssRNA enveloped family of viruses including West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Powassan, Dengue 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus
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Describe the genome and structure of the Alpha genus of the Togaviruses and name the important viruses of the family
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They are +ssRNA enveloped viruses including the eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, chikungunya virus, and Sindbis viruses
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Describe the genome and structure of the Bunyaviruses and name the important members of this family
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They are segmented -ssRNA viruses with an envelope, including the La Cross virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
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Describe the genome and structure of the Reovirus Colti genus and name an important member of this family
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They are segmented dsRNA and naked icosohedral viruses including the Colorado tick fever virus
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What are the most common arboviral vectors and what species generally serve as amplifying hosts for these viruses?
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The most common arboviral vectors are mosquitoes and ticks, with non-human mammals and birds acting as reservoirs of amplifying hosts for these viruses
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What is meant by the "jungle cycle" and "urban cycle" of arboviral infections?
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Jungle cycle refers to the virus is transmitted in a monkey-mosquito-monkey cycle; the urban cycle is man-mosquito-man transmission
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What two viruses are able to use the urban cycle of transmission?
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The yellow fever virus and the dengue viruses
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Do encephalitis viruses use the urban cycle?
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No, for encephalitic arboviruses man is a "dead-end" host
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What are the most common human arboviruses worldwide?
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Dengue viruses 1-4
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What are the manifestations of dengue fever?
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Sudden onset fever, chills, headache, non-vesicular rash, nausea and vomiting; usually self-limited and non-fatal
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What is the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome?
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This is a hypersensitivity reaction that occurs upon reinfection with a different serotype of dengue fever virus due to antibody activation of macrophages, inducing uptake of the virus and further replication
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Describe the clinical manifestations of dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome
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It is much more serious than dengue fever and shows extensive hemorrhages and blood loss
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Describe the transmission of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses
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The tranmission is multi-host and includes the mosquito infecting vertebrate reservoirs such as birds, and then infecting dead-end human hosts
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What are the clinical manifestations of yellow fever?
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Hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis, and nephritis with use of the jungle cycle and urban cycle for transmission
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What are the major causes of mosquito-borne arboviral encephalitis in the US?
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West Nile, California serogroup/La Crosse virus, St. Louis encephalitis, and eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses
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What virus has the highest risk for the development of CNS disease in the elderly in this country?
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West Nile virus
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What virus is the major cause of arboviral encephalitis in Asia, and what animals serve as the reservoirs?
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Japanese encephalitis virus is the major cause in Asia, with pigs and avian species serving as the reservoirs
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Vaccines are offered for which viruses upon travel to endemic areas?
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Yellow Fever and Japanese encephalitis viruses
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Describe the yellow fever vaccine
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It is a live-attenuated vaccine given as prophylaxis to people traveling to endemic areas
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Describe the vaccine for Japanese encephalitis virus
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It is an inactivated virus produced in cell culture, given to people traveling to Asia
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